-- Table structure for table `students_instructors`
--

CREATE TABLE `students_instructors` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `studentID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `instructorID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `index_studentID_instructorID` (`studentID`,`instructorID`),
  KEY `fk_si_userID` (`instructorID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1755 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

--
-- Dumping data for table `students_instructors`
--

INSERT INTO `students_instructors` VALUES 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--
-- Table structure for table `syllabus`
--

CREATE TABLE `syllabus` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `public` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=561 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

--
-- Dumping data for table `syllabus`
--

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--
-- Table structure for table `syllabus_instructors`
--

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) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=726 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

--
-- Dumping data for table `syllabus_instructors`
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  `sectionID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `item` text NOT NULL,
  `default_order` int(5) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `fk_syllabus_sectionID` (`sectionID`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_syllabus_sectionID` FOREIGN KEY (`sectionID`) REFERENCES `syllabus_sections` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

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-- Dumping data for table `syllabus_section_items`
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-- Table structure for table `syllabus_sections`
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CREATE TABLE `syllabus_sections` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `syllabusID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `top_sectionID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `description` text NOT NULL,
  `completion_time_start` decimal(3,1) NOT NULL,
  `completion_time_end` decimal(3,1) NOT NULL,
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--
-- Dumping data for table `syllabus_sections`
--

INSERT INTO `syllabus_sections` VALUES (416,80,0,'Discovery Flight','This is your first flight lesson. We will take a short flight to a nearby airport and back, and explore how great flying is. Get ready, because you will be at the controls for most of the flight.',0.5,1.5,1),(417,80,416,'Procedures','Use of Checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff\nClimbs and Descents\nStraight and Level\nLevel Turns\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(420,80,416,'Completion Standards','- Conduct and appropriate preflight inspection with the aid of your flight instructor and the airplane&#039;s preflight checklist. Determine if the airplane is in airworthy condition.\n- Taxi the airplane from the ramp area to the runway and back with the aid of your flight instructor.\n- Manipulate the controls in the air with the aid of your flight instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(421,80,0,'Fundamentals of Flight','The four fundamentals of flight are as follows:\n1. Straight and Level\n2. Climbs\n3. Descents\n4. Turns\nWhen you fly an airplane, you are performing one or a combination of these.',1.0,2.0,2),(422,80,421,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(423,80,421,'New Procedures','*Aeronautical decision making (will be practiced throughout this course, even if not included in the syllabus)\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nConstant airspeed climbs\nCollision Avoidance\nLeveling off at desired altitude\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nShallow and Medium Turns\nConstant airspeed descents\nTurning Climbs and Turning Descents\nTurns to headings\nCross checking instrument indications during flight maneuvers\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,2),(424,80,421,'Completion Standards','- Use the airplane checklist to preflight the airplane, start the engine, taxi, and conduct pre-takeoff checks.\n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind takeoff(s) and climb.\n- Satisfactorily be able to maintain altitude and heading during straight and level flight; make smooth and coordinated turns, climbs, and descents. \n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind approach(es) and landing.\n- Use the airplane checklist to conduct after landing, taxi, shutdown, and securing procedures.',1.0,2.0,3),(425,80,0,'Slow Flight and Stalls','Slow flight is fundamental to a good approach and landing, so this lesson is a very important building block to future lessons. You will also learn and practice recoveries from stalls.',1.5,2.5,3),(426,80,425,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(427,80,425,'New Procedures','Positioning the flight controls during taxi\nFlight at various airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower Off Stalls\nPower On Stalls\nSecondary Stalls (Demonstrated by Instructor)\nLeft turning tendencies',1.0,2.0,2),(428,80,425,'Completion Standards','- Recognize wind conditions and apply the proper control deflections during taxi.\n- Maintain altitude and heading (or as directed by your instructor) during slow flight.\n- Satisfactorily recover from power off and power on stalls.',1.0,2.0,3),(429,80,0,'Steep Turns and Emergency Procedures','Steep turns teach you better coordination and control of the airplane while dividing your attention between outside and inside of the airplane. By practicing emergency procedures, you will become more confident in your abilities to handle a real emergency if it presents itself.',1.0,2.0,6),(430,80,429,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(431,80,429,'New Procedures','Steep Turns\nEmergency Procedures (engine failure, fire, emergency descent)\nRadio communications (with aid of instructor)',1.0,2.0,2),(432,80,429,'Completion Standards','Complete a series of steep turns, both to the left and to the right.\nSatisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the proper procedures after a simulated engine failure, engine/electrical fire, emergency descent, and emergency landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(433,80,0,'Ground Reference Maneuvers','During ground reference maneuvers, you will become more familiar with the wind, and how the airplane reacts in relation to it. To properly conduct these maneuvers, you will need to maintain an acceptable ground track while dividing your attention between inside and outside of the cockpit.',1.5,2.5,4),(434,80,433,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(435,80,433,'New Procedures','Rectangular Course\nTurns Around a Point\nS-Turns',1.0,2.0,2),(437,80,433,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete the ground reference maneuvers while dividing your attention between inside of the cockpit, ground reference, and collision hazards while correcting for wind drift.',1.0,2.0,3),(438,81,0,'New Lesson Title','',1.0,2.0,1),(439,80,0,'Flight by Reference To Instruments FAR 61.109(a)(3)','During this lesson, you will be using a view limiting device (for dual training only) and flying the airplane solely by reference to instruments.',1.0,2.0,11),(440,80,439,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(441,80,439,'New Procedures','Straight and Level Flight (IR)\nClimbs/Descents (Constant Airspeed) (IR)\nTurns to Headings and Standard Rate Turns (IR)\nUnusual Attitude Recoveries (IR)',1.0,2.0,2),(442,80,439,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily control the airplane by reference to instruments and recover from nose high and nose low unusual attitudes.',1.0,2.0,3),(443,80,0,'More Takeoffs and Landings','For this flight, we will be remaining in the traffic pattern conducting touch and go&#039;s.',1.0,2.0,5),(444,80,443,'Review','Normal takeoff and climb\nNormal aproach and landing\nFlight in the airport traffic pattern\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(445,80,443,'New Procedures','Cross Wind Takeoff and Climb\nCross Wind Approach and Landing\nGo Arounds\nForward Slips to Landing\nWake turbulence precautions and avoidance\nWind shear avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(446,80,443,'Completion Standards','- Complete normal/crosswind takeoffs and climbs, and approaches and landings satisfactorily. \n- Satisfactorily maneuver and configure the airplane in the traffic pattern, demonstrating stall/spin awareness, collision awareness, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear avoidance.',1.0,2.0,3),(447,80,0,'Prepare for Solo Flight','We will use this time go over anything that has not been understood or covered up to this point. In addition, you will take you pre-solo written test.',2.5,3.5,7),(448,80,447,'Review','Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(449,80,447,'Pre-Solo Written Test FAR 61.87(b)','Applicable Sections of FAR Part 61 and 91\nAirspace rules and procedures for the airport in which solo flight will take place\nFlight characteristics and operational limitations of the airplane used for solo',1.0,2.0,3),(450,80,0,'First Solo FAR 61.109(a)(5)(iii)','Congratulations, you are about to solo. You will be using everything you have learned up to this point for this lesson. After receiving the appropriate endorsements from your instructor, you will be in the airplane by yourself for the first time. You will be required to complete at least 3 takeoffs and landings (with flight in the traffic pattern), or as directed by your instructor.\n\nMake sure you wear an old shirt.',1.0,2.0,9),(451,80,450,'Review','Use of Checklists\nPreflight procedures\nStartup procedures\nRadio Communications\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff procedures\nNormal or crosswind takeoff(s)\nNormal or crosswind landing(s)\nAirport traffic pattern\nCollision avoidance',1.0,2.0,1),(452,80,450,'First Solo','Remaining in the aiport traffic pattern, conduct 3 takeoffs and landings (to a full stop), or as directed by your instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(453,80,450,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and without the aid of your instructor, complete 3 takeoffs and landings while remaining in the airport traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(454,80,0,'Performance Takeoffs and Landings','Congratulations on your first solo and welcome to the cross country phase of your flight training. \n\nDuring your cross country training and after you earn your private pilot certificate, you will be flying to new and exotic locations. At some point you are bound to encounter an unusual runway, one that may be short or has a soft surface, or a combination of both. For this reason, it is important that you become familiar with the execution of performance takeoff and landing procedures.',1.0,2.0,10),(455,80,454,'Review','Go-around\nCollision avoidance\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(456,80,454,'New Procedures','Soft field takeoff\nSoft field landing\nShort field takeoff\nShort field landing\nClimbs at best angle of climb speed\nClimbs at best rate of climb speed',1.0,2.0,2),(457,80,454,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of flight instructor, complete short/soft field takeoffs and landings.',1.0,2.0,3),(458,80,0,'Navigation','Being able to navigate, whether visually or radio navigation, is a skill essential to you as an aviator.\nThis lesson also complies with 61.109(a)(3)',1.5,2.5,13),(459,80,458,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and landing\nFlight by reference to instruments\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(460,80,458,'New Procedures','Pilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of radios for VFR navigation (VOR/NDB)\nBasic use of GPS (if applicable)\nLost procedures and diversion to alternate\nPower off stalls (IR)\nPower on stalls (IR)\nTerrain collision avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(461,80,458,'Completion Standards','- Satisfactorily plot and navigate a course using a navigation chart (pilotage and dead reckoning), navigate inbound and/or outbound on a navigation station (VOR/NDB) course, use the GPS direct-to feature (if applicable).\n- Satisfactorily and promptly (according to a scenario presented), divert to and navigate to an alternate airport.\n- Conduct lost procedures (climb, communicate,confess, comply)\n- Demonstrate recovery from stalls (power on/off) while wearing a view limiting device.',1.0,2.0,3),(462,80,0,'Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(1)','Congratulations. You are about to embark on your first cross country flight. Enjoy!',2.5,3.5,14),(463,80,462,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(464,80,462,'Dual Cross Country','This flight will be performed with your instructor to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(465,80,462,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(466,80,462,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(467,80,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,12),(468,80,467,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSteep turns\nRectangular course\nTurn around a point\nS-Turns\nTraffic pattern',1.0,2.0,1),(469,80,467,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(470,80,467,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(471,80,0,'Cross Country (Solo) FAR 61.109(a)(5)(i)','',2.5,3.5,16),(472,80,471,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(473,80,471,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(474,80,471,'First Solo Cross Country','This flight will be performed solo to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(475,80,471,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(476,80,0,'Night Flight FAR 61.109(a)(2)(ii)','',1.0,2.0,17),(477,80,476,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing',1.0,2.0,1),(478,80,476,'New Procedures and Concepts','Required instruments and equipment for VFR flight at night\nNight physiology during flight\nNight flight preparation and preflight\nNight taxi\nNight takeoff and climb\nNight flight in the traffic pattern\nNight approach and landing',1.0,2.0,2),(479,80,476,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete at least 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop, with each involving a flight in the traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(480,82,0,'New Lesson Title','',1.0,2.0,1),(481,80,0,'Long Cross Country (Solo) 61.109(a)(5)(ii)','',2.5,3.5,18),(482,80,481,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(483,80,481,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(484,80,481,'Long Solo Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight  of at least 150nm total distance, with full stop landings at 3 points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight line distance of more than 50nm between takeoff and landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(485,80,481,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete long cross country flight.',1.0,2.0,4),(486,80,0,'Night Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(2)(i)','This flight also complies with FAR 61.109(a)(1)',2.0,3.5,19),(487,80,486,'Review','',1.0,2.0,1),(488,80,486,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(489,80,486,'Night Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight at night (between the hours of sunset and sunrise), of at least 100nm total distance.',1.0,2.0,3),(490,80,486,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the night cross country.',1.0,2.0,4),(491,80,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,20),(492,80,491,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nConstant airspeed climbs and descents\nTurns to headings\nSteep turns\nTurns around a point\nS-turns\nSlow flight\nPower off stalls\nPower on stalls\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nRadio communication and navigation (VOR/ADF/GPS)',1.0,2.0,1),(493,80,491,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(494,80,491,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(495,80,0,'Practical Test Preparation FAR 61.109(a)(4)','This lesson has to be conducted within 2 calendar months preceding the month of your practical test. It could also be broken up into more than one lesson, but  they need to equal at least 3 hours of flight training in preparation for practical test.',2.0,4.0,21),(496,80,495,'Review','Review all maneuvers and procedures learned up to this point.',1.0,2.0,1),(497,80,495,'Checkride Preparation','With the aid of your instructor, be sure to complete your IACRA/FAA 8710 Form.',1.0,2.0,3),(498,80,495,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when at least 3 hours of flight training have been conducted, and you and your flight instructor are confident that you are ready to continue towards the next step, the FAA Practical Test.',1.0,2.0,2),(499,80,0,'FAA Practical Test','Congratulations!!! Your energy and perseverance have paid off. You have made it up to this point, and you are ready to finally become a certificated pilot. Good luck!',3.0,4.0,22),(501,80,499,'Materials to Bring to the Checkride','ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT\n\nAircraft Documents:\n- Airworthiness Certificate\n- Registration Certificate\n- Operating Limitations\n\nAircraft Maintenance Records:\n- Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD Compliance\n- Pilot&#039;s Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual\n\nPERSONAL EQUIPMENT\n- View-Limiting Device\n- Current Aeronautical Charts\n- Computer and Plotter\n- Flight Plan Form\n- Flight Logs\n- Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate Publications\n\nPERSONAL RECORDS\n- Identification&amp;mdash;Photo/Signature ID\n- Pilot Certificate\n- Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate\n- Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application with Instructor&amp;rsquo;s Signature (If applicable)\n- Computer Test Report\n- Pilot Logbook with appropriate Instructor Endorsements\n- FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)\n- Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable)\n- Examiner&amp;rsquo;s Fee (if applicable)\n\nBRING A COPY OF THE PRIVATE PILOT PTS',1.0,2.0,2),(504,80,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.5,8),(505,80,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.0,15),(506,80,421,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(507,80,425,'Practical Test Standards','*Slow Flight:\n- Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains the specified altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; airspeed, +10/&amp;minus;0 knots; and specified angle of bank, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n*Stalls:\n- Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains a specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;, in straight flight; maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20&amp;deg;, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; in turning flight, while inducing the stall.\n- Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction; returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the examiner.',1.0,2.0,4),(508,80,429,'Practical Test Standards','* Steep Turns:\n- Rolls into a coordinated 360&amp;deg; turn; maintains a 45&amp;deg; bank. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the examiner.\n- Divides attention between airplane control and orientation.\n- Maintains the entry altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters), airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots, bank, &amp;plusmn;5&amp;deg;; and rolls out on the entry heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n* Emergency Approach and Landing:\n- Establishes and maintains the recommended best-glide airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(509,80,433,'Practical Test Standards','* Rectangular Course:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL (180 to 300 meters) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45&amp;deg; to the downwind leg.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* Turns Around a Point:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter left or right at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, at an appropriate distance from the reference point.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* S-Turns\n-Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, perpendicular to the selected reference line.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(511,80,443,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(512,80,447,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when both the student and instructor feel comfortable and confident that the student is ready to move forwards with the next stages of training (solo).',1.0,2.0,2),(513,80,504,'Stage Check','Preflight preparation and preflight inspection\nStartup\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff checks (runup)\nNormal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing\nAfter landing procedures\nShutdown and securing airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(514,80,504,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(515,80,454,'Practical Test Standards','* Soft Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the lowest possible airspeed and remains in ground effect while accelerating to VX or VY, as appropriate.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude for VX or VY, as appropriate, and maintains selected airspeed +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by the manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VX or VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n* Soft Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n* Short Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX,+10/-5 knots, until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet (20 meters) above the surface.\n- After clearing the obstacle, establishes the pitch attitude for VY, accelerates to VY, and maintains VY, +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Short Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended approach airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 200 feet (60 meters) beyond a specified point, with no side drift, minimum float and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(516,80,439,'Practical Test Standards','* Straight and Level Flight:\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; and airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents:\n- Levels off at the assigned altitude and maintains that altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Turns to Headings\n- Demonstrates turns to headings solely by reference to instruments; maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains a standard rate turn and rolls out on the assigned heading, &amp;plusmn; 10&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(518,80,505,'Stage Check','Short field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(519,80,505,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers and procedures prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(520,85,0,'Discovery Flight','This is your first flight lesson. We will take a short flight to a nearby airport and back, and explore how great flying is. Get ready, because you will be at the controls for most of the flight.',0.5,1.5,1),(521,85,520,'Procedures','Use of Checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff\nClimbs and Descents\nStraight and Level\nLevel Turns\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(522,85,520,'Completion Standards','- Conduct and appropriate preflight inspection with the aid of your flight instructor and the airplane&#039;s preflight checklist. Determine if the airplane is in airworthy condition.\n- Taxi the airplane from the ramp area to the runway and back with the aid of your flight instructor.\n- Manipulate the controls in the air with the aid of your flight instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(523,85,0,'Fundamentals of Flight','The four fundamentals of flight are as follows:\n1. Straight and Level\n2. Climbs\n3. Descents\n4. Turns\nWhen you fly an airplane, you are performing one or a combination of these.',1.0,2.0,2),(524,85,523,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(525,85,523,'New Procedures','*Aeronautical decision making (will be practiced throughout this course, even if not included in the syllabus)\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nConstant airspeed climbs\nCollision Avoidance\nLeveling off at desired altitude\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nShallow and Medium Turns\nConstant airspeed descents\nTurning Climbs and Turning Descents\nTurns to headings\nCross checking instrument indications during flight maneuvers\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,2),(526,85,523,'Completion Standards','- Use the airplane checklist to preflight the airplane, start the engine, taxi, and conduct pre-takeoff checks.\n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind takeoff(s) and climb.\n- Satisfactorily be able to maintain altitude and heading during straight and level flight; make smooth and coordinated turns, climbs, and descents. \n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind approach(es) and landing.\n- Use the airplane checklist to conduct after landing, taxi, shutdown, and securing procedures.',1.0,2.0,3),(527,85,523,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(528,85,0,'Slow Flight and Stalls','Slow flight is fundamental to a good approach and landing, so this lesson is a very important building block to future lessons. You will also learn and practice recoveries from stalls.',1.5,2.5,3),(529,85,528,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(530,85,528,'New Procedures','Positioning the flight controls during taxi\nFlight at various airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower Off Stalls\nPower On Stalls\nSecondary Stalls (Demonstrated by Instructor)\nLeft turning tendencies',1.0,2.0,2),(531,85,528,'Completion Standards','- Recognize wind conditions and apply the proper control deflections during taxi.\n- Maintain altitude and heading (or as directed by your instructor) during slow flight.\n- Satisfactorily recover from power off and power on stalls.',1.0,2.0,3),(532,85,528,'Practical Test Standards','*Slow Flight:\n- Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains the specified altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; airspeed, +10/&amp;minus;0 knots; and specified angle of bank, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n*Stalls:\n- Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains a specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;, in straight flight; maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20&amp;deg;, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; in turning flight, while inducing the stall.\n- Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction; returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the examiner.',1.0,2.0,4),(533,85,0,'Steep Turns and Emergency Procedures','Steep turns teach you better coordination and control of the airplane while dividing your attention between outside and inside of the airplane. By practicing emergnecy procedures, you will become more confident in your abilities to handle a real emergency if it presents itself.',1.0,2.0,4),(534,85,533,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(535,85,533,'New Procedures','Steep Turns\nEmergency Procedures (engine failure, fire, emergency descent)\nRadio communications (with aid of instructor)',1.0,2.0,2),(536,85,533,'Completion Standards','Complete a series of steep turns, both to the left and to the right.\nSatisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the proper procedures after a simulated engine failure, engine/electrical fire, emergency descent, and emergency landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(537,85,533,'Practical Test Standards','* Steep Turns:\n- Rolls into a coordinated 360&amp;deg; turn; maintains a 45&amp;deg; bank. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the examiner.\n- Divides attention between airplane control and orientation.\n- Maintains the entry altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters), airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots, bank, &amp;plusmn;5&amp;deg;; and rolls out on the entry heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n* Emergency Approach and Landing:\n- Establishes and maintains the recommended best-glide airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(538,85,0,'Ground Reference Maneuvers','During ground reference maneuvers, you will become more familiar with the wind, and how the airplane reacts in relation to it. To properly conduct these maneuvers, you will need to maintain an acceptable ground track while dividing your attention between inside and outside of the cockpit.',1.5,2.5,5),(539,85,538,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(540,85,538,'New Procedures','Rectangular Course\nTurns Around a Point\nS-Turns',1.0,2.0,2),(541,85,538,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete the ground reference maneuvers while dividing your attention between inside of the cockpit, ground reference, and collision hazards while correcting for wind drift.',1.0,2.0,3),(542,85,538,'Practical Test Standards','* Rectangular Course:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL (180 to 300 meters) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45&amp;deg; to the downwind leg.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* Turns Around a Point:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter left or right at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, at an appropriate distance from the reference point.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* S-Turns\n-Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, perpendicular to the selected reference line.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(543,85,0,'More Takeoffs and Landings','For this flight, we will be remaining in the traffic pattern conducting touch and go&#039;s.',1.0,2.0,6),(544,85,543,'Review','Normal takeoff and climb\nNormal aproach and landing\nFlight in the airport traffic pattern\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(545,85,543,'New Procedures','Cross Wind Takeoff and Climb\nCross Wind Approach and Landing\nGo Arounds\nForward Slips to Landing\nWake turbulence precautions and avoidance\nWind shear avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(546,85,543,'Completion Standards','- Complete normal/crosswind takeoffs and climbs, and approaches and landings satisfactorily. \n- Satisfactorily maneuver and configure the airplane in the traffic pattern, demonstrating stall/spin awareness, collision awareness, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear avoidance.',1.0,2.0,3),(547,85,543,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(548,85,0,'Prepare for Solo Flight','We will use this time go over anything that has not been understood or covered up to this point. In addition, you will take you pre-solo written test.',2.5,3.5,7),(549,85,548,'Review','Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(550,85,548,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when both the student and instructor feel comfortable and confident that the student is ready to move forwards with the next stages of training (solo).',1.0,2.0,2),(551,85,548,'Pre-Solo Written Test FAR 61.87(b)','Applicable Sections of FAR Part 61 and 91\nAirspace rules and procedures for the airport in which solo flight will take place\nFlight characteristics and operational limitations of the airplane used for solo',1.0,2.0,3),(552,85,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.5,8),(553,85,552,'Stage Check','Preflight preparation and preflight inspection\nStartup\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff checks (runup)\nNormal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing\nAfter landing procedures\nShutdown and securing airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(554,85,552,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(555,85,0,'First Solo FAR 61.109(a)(5)(iii)','Congratulations, you are about to solo. You will be using everything you have learned up to this point for this lesson. After receiving the appropriate endorsements from your instructor, you will be in the airplane by yourself for the first time. You will be required to complete at least 3 takeoffs and landings (with flight in the traffic pattern), or as directed by your instructor.\n\nMake sure you wear an old shirt.',1.0,2.0,9),(556,85,555,'Review','Use of Checklists\nPreflight procedures\nStartup procedures\nRadio Communications\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff procedures\nNormal or crosswind takeoff(s)\nNormal or crosswind landing(s)\nAirport traffic pattern\nCollision avoidance',1.0,2.0,1),(557,85,555,'First Solo','Remaining in the aiport traffic pattern, conduct 3 takeoffs and landings (to a full stop), or as directed by your instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(558,85,555,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and without the aid of your instructor, complete 3 takeoffs and landings while remaining in the airport traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(559,85,0,'Performance Takeoffs and Landings','Congratulations on your first solo and welcome to the cross country phase of your flight training. \n\nDuring your cross country training and after you earn your private pilot certificate, you will be flying to new and exotic locations. At some point you are bound to encounter an unusual runway, one that may be short or has a soft surface, or a combination of both. For this reason, it is important that you become familiar with the execution of performance takeoff and landing procedures.',1.0,2.0,10),(560,85,559,'Review','Go-around\nCollision avoidance\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(561,85,559,'New Procedures','Soft field takeoff\nSoft field landing\nShort field takeoff\nShort field landing\nClimbs at best angle of climb speed\nClimbs at best rate of climb speed',1.0,2.0,2),(562,85,559,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of flight instructor, complete short/soft field takeoffs and landings.',1.0,2.0,3),(563,85,559,'Practical Test Standards','* Soft Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the lowest possible airspeed and remains in ground effect while accelerating to VX or VY, as appropriate.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude for VX or VY, as appropriate, and maintains selected airspeed +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by the manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VX or VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n* Soft Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n* Short Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX,+10/-5 knots, until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet (20 meters) above the surface.\n- After clearing the obstacle, establishes the pitch attitude for VY, accelerates to VY, and maintains VY, +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Short Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended approach airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 200 feet (60 meters) beyond a specified point, with no side drift, minimum float and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(564,85,0,'Flight by Reference To Instruments FAR 61.109(a)(3)','During this lesson, you will be using a view limiting device (for dual training only) and flying the airplane solely by reference to instruments.',1.0,2.0,11),(565,85,564,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(566,85,564,'New Procedures','Straight and Level Flight (IR)\nClimbs/Descents (Constant Airspeed) (IR)\nTurns to Headings and Standard Rate Turns (IR)\nUnusual Attitude Recoveries (IR)',1.0,2.0,2),(567,85,564,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily control the airplane by reference to instruments and recover from nose high and nose low unusual attitudes.',1.0,2.0,3),(568,85,564,'Practical Test Standards','* Straight and Level Flight:\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; and airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents:\n- Levels off at the assigned altitude and maintains that altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Turns to Headings\n- Demonstrates turns to headings solely by reference to instruments; maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains a standard rate turn and rolls out on the assigned heading, &amp;plusmn; 10&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(569,85,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,12),(570,85,569,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSteep turns\nRectangular course\nTurn around a point\nS-Turns\nTraffic pattern',1.0,2.0,1),(571,85,569,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(572,85,569,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(573,85,0,'Navigation','Being able to navigate, whether visually or radio navigation, is a skill essential to you as an aviator.\nThis lesson also complies with 61.109(a)(3)',1.5,2.5,13),(574,85,573,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and landing\nFlight by reference to instruments\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(575,85,573,'New Procedures','Pilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of radios for VFR navigation (VOR/NDB)\nBasic use of GPS (if applicable)\nLost procedures and diversion to alternate\nPower off stalls (IR)\nPower on stalls (IR)\nTerrain collision avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(576,85,573,'Completion Standards','- Satisfactorily plot and navigate a course using a navigation chart (pilotage and dead reckoning), navigate inbound and/or outbound on a navigation station (VOR/NDB) course, use the GPS direct-to feature (if applicable).\n- Satisfactorily and promptly (according to a scenario presented), divert to and navigate to an alternate airport.\n- Conduct lost procedures (climb, communicate,confess, comply)\n- Demonstrate recovery from stalls (power on/off) while wearing a view limiting device.',1.0,2.0,3),(577,85,0,'Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(1)','Congratulations. You are about to embark on your first cross country flight. Enjoy!',2.5,3.5,14),(578,85,577,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(579,85,577,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(580,85,577,'Dual Cross Country','This flight will be performed with your instructor to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(581,85,577,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(582,85,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.0,15),(583,85,582,'Stage Check','Short field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(584,85,582,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers and procedures prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(585,85,0,'Cross Country (Solo) FAR 61.109(a)(5)(i)','',2.5,3.5,16),(586,85,585,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(587,85,585,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(588,85,585,'First Solo Cross Country','This flight will be performed solo to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(589,85,585,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(590,85,0,'Night Flight FAR 61.109(a)(2)(ii)','',1.0,2.0,17),(591,85,590,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing',1.0,2.0,1),(592,85,590,'New Procedures and Concepts','Required instruments and equipment for VFR flight at night\nNight physiology during flight\nNight flight preparation and preflight\nNight taxi\nNight takeoff and climb\nNight flight in the traffic pattern\nNight approach and landing',1.0,2.0,2),(593,85,590,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete at least 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop, with each involving a flight in the traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(594,85,0,'Long Cross Country (Solo) 61.109(a)(5)(ii)','',2.5,3.5,18),(595,85,594,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(596,85,594,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(597,85,594,'Long Solo Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight  of at least 150nm total distance, with full stop landings at 3 points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight line distance of more than 50nm between takeoff and landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(598,85,594,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete long cross country flight.',1.0,2.0,4),(599,85,0,'Night Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(2)(i)','This flight also complies with FAR 61.109(a)(1)',2.0,3.5,19),(600,85,599,'Review','',1.0,2.0,1),(601,85,599,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(602,85,599,'Night Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight at night (between the hours of sunset and sunrise), of at least 100nm total distance.',1.0,2.0,3),(603,85,599,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the night cross country.',1.0,2.0,4),(604,85,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,20),(605,85,604,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nConstant airspeed climbs and descents\nTurns to headings\nSteep turns\nTurns around a point\nS-turns\nSlow flight\nPower off stalls\nPower on stalls\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nRadio communication and navigation (VOR/ADF/GPS)',1.0,2.0,1),(606,85,604,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(607,85,604,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(608,85,0,'Practical Test Preparation FAR 61.109(a)(4)','This lesson has to be conducted within 2 calendar months preceding the month of your practical test. It could also be broken up into more than one lesson, but  they need to equal at least 3 hours of flight training in preparation for practical test.',2.0,4.0,21),(609,85,608,'Review','Review all maneuvers and procedures learned up to this point.',1.0,2.0,1),(610,85,608,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when at least 3 hours of flight training have been conducted, and you and your flight instructor are confident that you are ready to continue towards the next step, the FAA Practical Test.',1.0,2.0,2),(611,85,608,'Checkride Preparation','With the aid of your instructor, be sure to complete your IACRA/FAA 8710 Form.',1.0,2.0,3),(612,85,0,'FAA Practical Test','Congratulations!!! Your energy and perseverance have paid off. You have made it up to this point, and you are ready to finally become a certificated pilot. Good luck!',3.0,4.0,22),(613,85,612,'Materials to Bring to the Checkride','ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT\n\nAircraft Documents:\n- Airworthiness Certificate\n- Registration Certificate\n- Operating Limitations\n\nAircraft Maintenance Records:\n- Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD Compliance\n- Pilot&#039;s Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual\n\nPERSONAL EQUIPMENT\n- View-Limiting Device\n- Current Aeronautical Charts\n- Computer and Plotter\n- Flight Plan Form\n- Flight Logs\n- Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate Publications\n\nPERSONAL RECORDS\n- Identification&amp;mdash;Photo/Signature ID\n- Pilot Certificate\n- Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate\n- Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application with Instructor&amp;rsquo;s Signature (If applicable)\n- Computer Test Report\n- Pilot Logbook with appropriate Instructor Endorsements\n- FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)\n- Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable)\n- Examiner&amp;rsquo;s Fee (if applicable)\n\nBRING A COPY OF THE PRIVATE PILOT PTS',1.0,2.0,2),(614,86,0,'TW-1','Introduction (1.5 hr ground, 1.5 hr flight)\n\nThe purpose of this lesson is to introduce the student the academic concepts of flying a tailwheel airplane and get him familiar with the Cessna 140. The ground school covers all of the required topics and mirrors the information presented in the Tailwheel 101 DVD. In flight, the student should get a solid feel for the controls of the 140 and be familiar with how to configure the airplane for landing.',1.0,3.0,1),(615,86,614,'Ground','&amp;bull; Instructor and student introductions\n&amp;bull; Airfield and facility orientation\n&amp;bull; Tailwheel differences &amp;ndash; CG, stability, advantages/limitations, landing techniques. \n&amp;bull; Review operator&amp;rsquo;s manual, checklists, flows, V-speeds, weight &amp; balance\n&amp;bull; Basic aerodynamics &amp;ndash; left turning tendencies, gyroscopic precession, required inputs, weathervaning tendency, momentum\n&amp;bull; Anatomy of a ground loop',1.0,2.0,1),(616,86,614,'Aircraft Familiarization','&amp;bull; Preflight inspection, cockpit layout, ground handling\n&amp;bull; Basic systems description &amp;ndash; powerplant, fabric wings, tailwheel',1.0,2.0,2),(617,86,614,'Flight','&amp;bull; Engine start (stick back!)\n&amp;bull; Taxi &amp;ndash; stick back!, proper brake usage, crosswind correction, turns, pivots with tailwheel free castering\n&amp;bull; Engine run up (stick back!)\n&amp;bull; Normal takeoff &amp;ndash; instructor at flight controls\n&amp;bull; Climbout and level off in practice area\n&amp;bull; Normal and steep turns\n&amp;bull; Slow flight\n&amp;bull; Stalls &amp;ndash; all modes\n&amp;bull; Dutch rolls\n&amp;bull; Normal landing (three-point) &amp;ndash; instructor at flight controls',1.0,2.0,3),(618,86,614,'Completion Standards','Upon completing this lesson, the student should be able to perform all listed maneuvers within PTS without the aid of the instructor. He should be able to maintain positive control of the airplane during taxi and throughout all phases of flight. The student should be able to configure the airplane for landing with instructor assistance and describe verbally the basic elements of executing a three-point landing.',1.0,2.0,4),(619,86,0,'TW-2','Three-point Landings (0.5 hr ground, 1.3 hr flight)\n\nUsing the concepts introduced in sortie TW-1, the student will practice executing normal and crosswind three-point landings.',1.5,2.5,5),(620,86,619,'Ground','&amp;bull; Review previous sortie\n&amp;bull; Takeoff &amp;ndash; normal and crosswind techniques\n&amp;bull; Differences between forward and side slip\n&amp;bull; Landing &amp;ndash; three-point (note three-point attitude while on the ground for proper sight picture)',1.0,2.0,1),(621,86,619,'Flight','&amp;bull; Normal takeoff\n&amp;bull; Traffic pattern with option &amp;ndash; begin by configuring airplane and executing balked landing from three-point attitude. Get progressively lower on consecutive passes until student possesses confidence to touch down\n&amp;bull; Stop and go landing (three-point)\n&amp;bull; Forward slip to landing &amp;ndash; flaps extended and retracted',1.0,2.0,2),(622,86,619,'Completion Standards','Upon completing this lesson, the student should be able to perform all tasks to PTS without instructor&#039;s assistance. He should have positive control of the airplane through all phases of the flight, from taxi to shutdown.',1.0,2.0,3),(623,86,0,'TW-3','Wheel Landings (0.5 hr ground, 1.5 hr flight)\n\nIn this lesson, the student will continue to hone skills learned during previous sorties while introducing and practicing wheel landings. He&#039;ll work on developing a sight picture for wheel landings and learn how it differs from that of a three-point landing.',1.5,2.5,6),(624,86,623,'Ground','&amp;bull; Review previous sortie\n&amp;bull; High speed taxi &amp;ndash; considerations when raising and lowering tail, use of brakes\n&amp;bull; Landing &amp;ndash; wheel landing (note wheel landing attitude during takeoff roll)',1.0,2.0,1),(625,86,623,'Flight','&amp;bull; High speed taxi on runway &amp;ndash; raise tail and note wheel landing attitude, let tail gently fall when it&amp;rsquo;s ready, maintain appropriate crosswind correction and use brakes only as necessary\n&amp;bull; Normal takeoff\n&amp;bull; Traffic pattern with option &amp;ndash; begin by configuring airplane and executing balked landing from wheel landing attitude. Get progressively lower on consecutive passes until student possesses confidence to touch down\n&amp;bull; Stop and go landing (wheel landing)\n&amp;bull; Forward slip to landing &amp;ndash; flaps extended and retracted',1.0,2.0,2),(626,86,623,'Completion Standards','Upon completing this lesson, the student should be able to perform all tasks to PTS without instructor&#039;s assistance. He should have positive control of the airplane through all phases of the flight, from taxi to shutdown.',1.0,2.0,3),(627,86,0,'TW-4','Handling Crosswinds (0.5 hr ground, 1.5 hr flight)\n\nThe student will apply skills learned in previous sorties to operating with crosswinds.',1.5,2.5,7),(628,86,627,'Ground','&amp;bull; Review previous sortie\n&amp;bull; Effects of crosswind &amp;ndash; taxi, takeoff, landing, parking (it&amp;rsquo;s flying until it&amp;rsquo;s tied down!)',1.0,2.0,1),(629,86,627,'Flight','&amp;bull; Crosswind taxi &amp;ndash; stick back, use crosswind correction, minimal brake usage\n&amp;bull; Normal crosswind takeoff\n&amp;bull; Traffic pattern and normal, three-point crosswind landing\n&amp;bull; Forward slip to landing &amp;ndash; flaps extended and retracted',1.0,2.0,2),(630,86,627,'Completion Standards','Upon completing this lesson, the student should be able to perform all tasks to PTS without instructor&#039;s assistance. He should have positive control of the airplane through all phases of the flight, from taxi to shutdown.',1.0,2.0,3),(631,86,0,'TW-5','Advanced, Abnormal, and Emergency Procedures (0.5 ground, 1.5 flight)\n\nThe student will apply tasks learned during previous sorties and learn how to handle abnormal and emergency situations.',1.5,2.5,8),(632,86,631,'Ground','&amp;bull; Review previous sortie\n&amp;bull; Bounce &amp;ndash; cause, recovery, and balked landing decision point\n&amp;bull; Takeoff and landing &amp;ndash; short and soft field\n&amp;bull; Crosswind exceeds rudder authority &amp;ndash; there are options available\n&amp;bull; Engine failure &amp;ndash; takeoff roll, climbout, enroute\n&amp;bull; Engine fire &amp;ndash; remember, wings are fabric covered\n&amp;bull; Brakes &amp;ndash; partial or catastrophic failure',1.0,2.0,1),(633,86,631,'Flight','&amp;bull; Normal takeoff &amp;ndash; engine failure on takeoff roll and climbout\n&amp;bull; Normal landing with bounce recovery\n&amp;bull; Short field takeoff and landing\n&amp;bull; Soft field takeoff and landing\n&amp;bull; Engine failure enroute &amp;ndash; power-off accuracy approach\n&amp;bull; Taxi, takeoff, and landing with no brakes',1.0,2.0,2),(634,86,631,'Completion Standards','Upon completing this lesson, the student should be able to perform all tasks to PTS without instructor&#039;s assistance. He should have positive control of the airplane through all phases of the flight, from taxi to shutdown.',1.0,2.0,3),(635,86,631,'Tailwheel Endorsement','I have given Mr./Ms. (student&amp;rsquo;s name and certificate number) flight instruction in normal and crosswind takeoffs and landings, wheel landings (if appropriate), and go-around procedures in a tailwheel airplane and find him/her competent to act as PIC in tailwheel airplanes. (date) (instructor&amp;rsquo;s printed name and signature, certificate number and expiration date)',1.0,2.0,4),(918,90,0,'Discovery Flight','This is your first flight lesson. We will take a short flight to a nearby airport and back, and explore how great flying is. Get ready, because you will be at the controls for most of the flight.',0.5,1.5,1),(919,90,918,'Procedures','Use of Checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff\nClimbs and Descents\nStraight and Level\nLevel Turns\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(920,90,918,'Completion Standards','- Conduct and appropriate preflight inspection with the aid of your flight instructor and the airplane&#039;s preflight checklist. Determine if the airplane is in airworthy condition.\n- Taxi the airplane from the ramp area to the runway and back with the aid of your flight instructor.\n- Manipulate the controls in the air with the aid of your flight instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(921,90,0,'Fundamentals of Flight','The four fundamentals of flight are as follows:\n1. Straight and Level\n2. Climbs\n3. Descents\n4. Turns\nWhen you fly an airplane, you are performing one or a combination of these.',1.0,2.0,2),(922,90,921,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(923,90,921,'New Procedures','*Aeronautical decision making (will be practiced throughout this course, even if not included in the syllabus)\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nConstant airspeed climbs\nCollision Avoidance\nLeveling off at desired altitude\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nShallow and Medium Turns\nConstant airspeed descents\nTurning Climbs and Turning Descents\nTurns to headings\nCross checking instrument indications during flight maneuvers\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,2),(924,90,921,'Completion Standards','- Use the airplane checklist to preflight the airplane, start the engine, taxi, and conduct pre-takeoff checks.\n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind takeoff(s) and climb.\n- Satisfactorily be able to maintain altitude and heading during straight and level flight; make smooth and coordinated turns, climbs, and descents. \n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind approach(es) and landing.\n- Use the airplane checklist to conduct after landing, taxi, shutdown, and securing procedures.',1.0,2.0,3),(925,90,921,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(926,90,0,'Slow Flight and Stalls','Slow flight is fundamental to a good approach and landing, so this lesson is a very important building block to future lessons. You will also learn and practice recoveries from stalls.',1.5,2.5,3),(927,90,926,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(928,90,926,'New Procedures','Positioning the flight controls during taxi\nFlight at various airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower Off Stalls\nPower On Stalls\nSecondary Stalls (Demonstrated by Instructor)\nLeft turning tendencies',1.0,2.0,2),(929,90,926,'Completion Standards','- Recognize wind conditions and apply the proper control deflections during taxi.\n- Maintain altitude and heading (or as directed by your instructor) during slow flight.\n- Satisfactorily recover from power off and power on stalls.',1.0,2.0,3),(930,90,926,'Practical Test Standards','*Slow Flight:\n- Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains the specified altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; airspeed, +10/&amp;minus;0 knots; and specified angle of bank, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n*Stalls:\n- Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains a specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;, in straight flight; maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20&amp;deg;, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; in turning flight, while inducing the stall.\n- Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction; returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the examiner.',1.0,2.0,4),(931,90,0,'Ground Reference Maneuvers','During ground reference maneuvers, you will become more familiar with the wind, and how the airplane reacts in relation to it. To properly conduct these maneuvers, you will need to maintain an acceptable ground track while dividing your attention between inside and outside of the cockpit.',1.5,2.5,4),(932,90,931,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(933,90,931,'New Procedures','Rectangular Course\nTurns Around a Point\nS-Turns',1.0,2.0,2),(934,90,931,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete the ground reference maneuvers while dividing your attention between inside of the cockpit, ground reference, and collision hazards while correcting for wind drift.',1.0,2.0,3),(935,90,931,'Practical Test Standards','* Rectangular Course:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL (180 to 300 meters) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45&amp;deg; to the downwind leg.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* Turns Around a Point:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter left or right at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, at an appropriate distance from the reference point.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* S-Turns\n-Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, perpendicular to the selected reference line.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(936,90,0,'More Takeoffs and Landings','For this flight, we will be remaining in the traffic pattern conducting touch and go&#039;s.',1.0,2.0,5),(937,90,936,'Review','Normal takeoff and climb\nNormal aproach and landing\nFlight in the airport traffic pattern\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(938,90,936,'New Procedures','Cross Wind Takeoff and Climb\nCross Wind Approach and Landing\nGo Arounds\nForward Slips to Landing\nWake turbulence precautions and avoidance\nWind shear avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(939,90,936,'Completion Standards','- Complete normal/crosswind takeoffs and climbs, and approaches and landings satisfactorily. \n- Satisfactorily maneuver and configure the airplane in the traffic pattern, demonstrating stall/spin awareness, collision awareness, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear avoidance.',1.0,2.0,3),(940,90,936,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(941,90,0,'Steep Turns and Emergency Procedures','Steep turns teach you better coordination and control of the airplane while dividing your attention between outside and inside of the airplane. By practicing emergnecy procedures, you will become more confident in your abilities to handle a real emergency if it presents itself.',1.0,2.0,6),(942,90,941,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(943,90,941,'New Procedures','Steep Turns\nEmergency Procedures (engine failure, fire, emergency descent)\nRadio communications (with aid of instructor)',1.0,2.0,2),(944,90,941,'Completion Standards','Complete a series of steep turns, both to the left and to the right.\nSatisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the proper procedures after a simulated engine failure, engine/electrical fire, emergency descent, and emergency landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(945,90,941,'Practical Test Standards','* Steep Turns:\n- Rolls into a coordinated 360&amp;deg; turn; maintains a 45&amp;deg; bank. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the examiner.\n- Divides attention between airplane control and orientation.\n- Maintains the entry altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters), airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots, bank, &amp;plusmn;5&amp;deg;; and rolls out on the entry heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n* Emergency Approach and Landing:\n- Establishes and maintains the recommended best-glide airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(946,90,0,'Prepare for Solo Flight','We will use this time go over anything that has not been understood or covered up to this point. In addition, you will take you pre-solo written test.',2.5,3.5,7),(947,90,946,'Review','Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(948,90,946,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when both the student and instructor feel comfortable and confident that the student is ready to move forwards with the next stages of training (solo).',1.0,2.0,2),(949,90,946,'Pre-Solo Written Test FAR 61.87(b)','Applicable Sections of FAR Part 61 and 91\nAirspace rules and procedures for the airport in which solo flight will take place\nFlight characteristics and operational limitations of the airplane used for solo',1.0,2.0,3),(950,90,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.5,8),(951,90,950,'Stage Check','Preflight preparation and preflight inspection\nStartup\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff checks (runup)\nNormal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing\nAfter landing procedures\nShutdown and securing airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(952,90,950,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(953,90,0,'First Solo FAR 61.109(a)(5)(iii)','Congratulations, you are about to solo. You will be using everything you have learned up to this point for this lesson. After receiving the appropriate endorsements from your instructor, you will be in the airplane by yourself for the first time. You will be required to complete at least 3 takeoffs and landings (with flight in the traffic pattern), or as directed by your instructor.\n\nMake sure you wear an old shirt.',1.0,2.0,9),(954,90,953,'Review','Use of Checklists\nPreflight procedures\nStartup procedures\nRadio Communications\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff procedures\nNormal or crosswind takeoff(s)\nNormal or crosswind landing(s)\nAirport traffic pattern\nCollision avoidance',1.0,2.0,1),(955,90,953,'First Solo','Remaining in the aiport traffic pattern, conduct 3 takeoffs and landings (to a full stop), or as directed by your instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(956,90,953,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and without the aid of your instructor, complete 3 takeoffs and landings while remaining in the airport traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(957,90,0,'Performance Takeoffs and Landings','Congratulations on your first solo and welcome to the cross country phase of your flight training. \n\nDuring your cross country training and after you earn your private pilot certificate, you will be flying to new and exotic locations. At some point you are bound to encounter an unusual runway, one that may be short or has a soft surface, or a combination of both. For this reason, it is important that you become familiar with the execution of performance takeoff and landing procedures.',1.0,2.0,10),(958,90,957,'Review','Go-around\nCollision avoidance\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(959,90,957,'New Procedures','Soft field takeoff\nSoft field landing\nShort field takeoff\nShort field landing\nClimbs at best angle of climb speed\nClimbs at best rate of climb speed',1.0,2.0,2),(960,90,957,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of flight instructor, complete short/soft field takeoffs and landings.',1.0,2.0,3),(961,90,957,'Practical Test Standards','* Soft Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the lowest possible airspeed and remains in ground effect while accelerating to VX or VY, as appropriate.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude for VX or VY, as appropriate, and maintains selected airspeed +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by the manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VX or VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n* Soft Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n* Short Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX,+10/-5 knots, until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet (20 meters) above the surface.\n- After clearing the obstacle, establishes the pitch attitude for VY, accelerates to VY, and maintains VY, +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Short Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended approach airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 200 feet (60 meters) beyond a specified point, with no side drift, minimum float and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(962,90,0,'Flight by Reference To Instruments FAR 61.109(a)(3)','During this lesson, you will be using a view limiting device (for dual training only) and flying the airplane solely by reference to instruments.',1.0,2.0,11),(963,90,962,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(964,90,962,'New Procedures','Straight and Level Flight (IR)\nClimbs/Descents (Constant Airspeed) (IR)\nTurns to Headings and Standard Rate Turns (IR)\nUnusual Attitude Recoveries (IR)',1.0,2.0,2),(965,90,962,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily control the airplane by reference to instruments and recover from nose high and nose low unusual attitudes.',1.0,2.0,3),(966,90,962,'Practical Test Standards','* Straight and Level Flight:\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; and airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents:\n- Levels off at the assigned altitude and maintains that altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Turns to Headings\n- Demonstrates turns to headings solely by reference to instruments; maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains a standard rate turn and rolls out on the assigned heading, &amp;plusmn; 10&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(967,90,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,12),(968,90,967,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSteep turns\nRectangular course\nTurn around a point\nS-Turns\nTraffic pattern',1.0,2.0,1),(969,90,967,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(970,90,967,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(971,90,0,'Navigation','Being able to navigate, whether visually or radio navigation, is a skill essential to you as an aviator.\nThis lesson also complies with 61.109(a)(3)',1.5,2.5,13),(972,90,971,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and landing\nFlight by reference to instruments\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(973,90,971,'New Procedures','Pilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of radios for VFR navigation (VOR/NDB)\nBasic use of GPS (if applicable)\nLost procedures and diversion to alternate\nPower off stalls (IR)\nPower on stalls (IR)\nTerrain collision avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(974,90,971,'Completion Standards','- Satisfactorily plot and navigate a course using a navigation chart (pilotage and dead reckoning), navigate inbound and/or outbound on a navigation station (VOR/NDB) course, use the GPS direct-to feature (if applicable).\n- Satisfactorily and promptly (according to a scenario presented), divert to and navigate to an alternate airport.\n- Conduct lost procedures (climb, communicate,confess, comply)\n- Demonstrate recovery from stalls (power on/off) while wearing a view limiting device.',1.0,2.0,3),(975,90,0,'Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(1)','Congratulations. You are about to embark on your first cross country flight. Enjoy!',2.5,3.5,14),(976,90,975,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(977,90,975,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(978,90,975,'Dual Cross Country','This flight will be performed with your instructor to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(979,90,975,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(980,90,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.0,15),(981,90,980,'Stage Check','Short field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(982,90,980,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers and procedures prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(983,90,0,'Cross Country (Solo) FAR 61.109(a)(5)(i)','',2.5,3.5,16),(984,90,983,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(985,90,983,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(986,90,983,'First Solo Cross Country','This flight will be performed solo to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(987,90,983,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(988,90,0,'Night Flight FAR 61.109(a)(2)(ii)','',1.0,2.0,17),(989,90,988,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing',1.0,2.0,1),(990,90,988,'New Procedures and Concepts','Required instruments and equipment for VFR flight at night\nNight physiology during flight\nNight flight preparation and preflight\nNight taxi\nNight takeoff and climb\nNight flight in the traffic pattern\nNight approach and landing',1.0,2.0,2),(991,90,988,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete at least 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop, with each involving a flight in the traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(992,90,0,'Long Cross Country (Solo) 61.109(a)(5)(ii)','',2.5,3.5,18),(993,90,992,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(994,90,992,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(995,90,992,'Long Solo Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight  of at least 150nm total distance, with full stop landings at 3 points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight line distance of more than 50nm between takeoff and landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(996,90,992,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete long cross country flight.',1.0,2.0,4),(997,90,0,'Night Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(2)(i)','This flight also complies with FAR 61.109(a)(1)',2.0,3.5,19),(998,90,997,'Review','',1.0,2.0,1),(999,90,997,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1000,90,997,'Night Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight at night (between the hours of sunset and sunrise), of at least 100nm total distance.',1.0,2.0,3),(1001,90,997,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the night cross country.',1.0,2.0,4),(1002,90,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,20),(1003,90,1002,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nConstant airspeed climbs and descents\nTurns to headings\nSteep turns\nTurns around a point\nS-turns\nSlow flight\nPower off stalls\nPower on stalls\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nRadio communication and navigation (VOR/ADF/GPS)',1.0,2.0,1),(1004,90,1002,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(1005,90,1002,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(1006,90,0,'Practical Test Preparation FAR 61.109(a)(4)','This lesson has to be conducted within 2 calendar months preceding the month of your practical test. It could also be broken up into more than one lesson, but  they need to equal at least 3 hours of flight training in preparation for practical test.',2.0,4.0,21),(1007,90,1006,'Review','Review all maneuvers and procedures learned up to this point.',1.0,2.0,1),(1008,90,1006,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when at least 3 hours of flight training have been conducted, and you and your flight instructor are confident that you are ready to continue towards the next step, the FAA Practical Test.',1.0,2.0,2),(1009,90,1006,'Checkride Preparation','With the aid of your instructor, be sure to complete your IACRA/FAA 8710 Form.',1.0,2.0,3),(1010,90,0,'FAA Practical Test','Congratulations!!! Your energy and perseverance have paid off. You have made it up to this point, and you are ready to finally become a certificated pilot. Good luck!',3.0,4.0,22),(1011,90,1010,'Materials to Bring to the Checkride','ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT\n\nAircraft Documents:\n- Airworthiness Certificate\n- Registration Certificate\n- Operating Limitations\n\nAircraft Maintenance Records:\n- Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD Compliance\n- Pilot&#039;s Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual\n\nPERSONAL EQUIPMENT\n- View-Limiting Device\n- Current Aeronautical Charts\n- Computer and Plotter\n- Flight Plan Form\n- Flight Logs\n- Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate Publications\n\nPERSONAL RECORDS\n- Identification&amp;mdash;Photo/Signature ID\n- Pilot Certificate\n- Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate\n- Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application with Instructor&amp;rsquo;s Signature (If applicable)\n- Computer Test Report\n- Pilot Logbook with appropriate Instructor Endorsements\n- FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)\n- Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable)\n- Examiner&amp;rsquo;s Fee (if applicable)\n\nBRING A COPY OF THE PRIVATE PILOT PTS',1.0,2.0,2),(1012,91,0,'Discovery Flight','This is your first flight lesson. We will take a short flight to a nearby airport and back, and explore how great flying is. Get ready, because you will be at the controls for most of the flight.',0.5,1.5,1),(1013,91,1012,'Procedures','Use of Checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff\nClimbs and Descents\nStraight and Level\nLevel Turns\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(1014,91,1012,'Completion Standards','- Conduct and appropriate preflight inspection with the aid of your flight instructor and the airplane&#039;s preflight checklist. Determine if the airplane is in airworthy condition.\n- Taxi the airplane from the ramp area to the runway and back with the aid of your flight instructor.\n- Manipulate the controls in the air with the aid of your flight instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(1015,91,0,'Fundamentals of Flight','The four fundamentals of flight are as follows:\n1. Straight and Level\n2. Climbs\n3. Descents\n4. Turns\nWhen you fly an airplane, you are performing one or a combination of these.',1.0,2.0,2),(1016,91,1015,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(1017,91,1015,'New Procedures','*Aeronautical decision making (will be practiced throughout this course, even if not included in the syllabus)\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nConstant airspeed climbs\nCollision Avoidance\nLeveling off at desired altitude\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nShallow and Medium Turns\nConstant airspeed descents\nTurning Climbs and Turning Descents\nTurns to headings\nCross checking instrument indications during flight maneuvers\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,2),(1018,91,1015,'Completion Standards','- Use the airplane checklist to preflight the airplane, start the engine, taxi, and conduct pre-takeoff checks.\n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind takeoff(s) and climb.\n- Satisfactorily be able to maintain altitude and heading during straight and level flight; make smooth and coordinated turns, climbs, and descents. \n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind approach(es) and landing.\n- Use the airplane checklist to conduct after landing, taxi, shutdown, and securing procedures.',1.0,2.0,3),(1019,91,1015,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(1020,91,0,'Slow Flight and Stalls','Slow flight is fundamental to a good approach and landing, so this lesson is a very important building block to future lessons. You will also learn and practice recoveries from stalls.',1.5,2.5,3),(1021,91,1020,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(1022,91,1020,'New Procedures','Positioning the flight controls during taxi\nFlight at various airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower Off Stalls\nPower On Stalls\nSecondary Stalls (Demonstrated by Instructor)\nLeft turning tendencies',1.0,2.0,2),(1023,91,1020,'Completion Standards','- Recognize wind conditions and apply the proper control deflections during taxi.\n- Maintain altitude and heading (or as directed by your instructor) during slow flight.\n- Satisfactorily recover from power off and power on stalls.',1.0,2.0,3),(1024,91,1020,'Practical Test Standards','*Slow Flight:\n- Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains the specified altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; airspeed, +10/&amp;minus;0 knots; and specified angle of bank, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n*Stalls:\n- Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains a specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;, in straight flight; maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20&amp;deg;, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; in turning flight, while inducing the stall.\n- Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction; returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the examiner.',1.0,2.0,4),(1025,91,0,'Ground Reference Maneuvers','During ground reference maneuvers, you will become more familiar with the wind, and how the airplane reacts in relation to it. To properly conduct these maneuvers, you will need to maintain an acceptable ground track while dividing your attention between inside and outside of the cockpit.',1.5,2.5,4),(1026,91,1025,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(1027,91,1025,'New Procedures','Rectangular Course\nTurns Around a Point\nS-Turns',1.0,2.0,2),(1028,91,1025,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete the ground reference maneuvers while dividing your attention between inside of the cockpit, ground reference, and collision hazards while correcting for wind drift.',1.0,2.0,3),(1029,91,1025,'Practical Test Standards','* Rectangular Course:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL (180 to 300 meters) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45&amp;deg; to the downwind leg.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* Turns Around a Point:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter left or right at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, at an appropriate distance from the reference point.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* S-Turns\n-Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, perpendicular to the selected reference line.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(1030,91,0,'More Takeoffs and Landings','For this flight, we will be remaining in the traffic pattern conducting touch and go&#039;s.',1.0,2.0,5),(1031,91,1030,'Review','Normal takeoff and climb\nNormal aproach and landing\nFlight in the airport traffic pattern\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(1032,91,1030,'New Procedures','Cross Wind Takeoff and Climb\nCross Wind Approach and Landing\nGo Arounds\nForward Slips to Landing\nWake turbulence precautions and avoidance\nWind shear avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(1033,91,1030,'Completion Standards','- Complete normal/crosswind takeoffs and climbs, and approaches and landings satisfactorily. \n- Satisfactorily maneuver and configure the airplane in the traffic pattern, demonstrating stall/spin awareness, collision awareness, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear avoidance.',1.0,2.0,3),(1034,91,1030,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(1035,91,0,'Steep Turns and Emergency Procedures','Steep turns teach you better coordination and control of the airplane while dividing your attention between outside and inside of the airplane. By practicing emergnecy procedures, you will become more confident in your abilities to handle a real emergency if it presents itself.',1.0,2.0,6),(1036,91,1035,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(1037,91,1035,'New Procedures','Steep Turns\nEmergency Procedures (engine failure, fire, emergency descent)\nRadio communications (with aid of instructor)',1.0,2.0,2),(1038,91,1035,'Completion Standards','Complete a series of steep turns, both to the left and to the right.\nSatisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the proper procedures after a simulated engine failure, engine/electrical fire, emergency descent, and emergency landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(1039,91,1035,'Practical Test Standards','* Steep Turns:\n- Rolls into a coordinated 360&amp;deg; turn; maintains a 45&amp;deg; bank. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the examiner.\n- Divides attention between airplane control and orientation.\n- Maintains the entry altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters), airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots, bank, &amp;plusmn;5&amp;deg;; and rolls out on the entry heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n* Emergency Approach and Landing:\n- Establishes and maintains the recommended best-glide airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(1040,91,0,'Prepare for Solo Flight','We will use this time go over anything that has not been understood or covered up to this point. In addition, you will take you pre-solo written test.',2.5,3.5,7),(1041,91,1040,'Review','Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(1042,91,1040,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when both the student and instructor feel comfortable and confident that the student is ready to move forwards with the next stages of training (solo).',1.0,2.0,2),(1043,91,1040,'Pre-Solo Written Test FAR 61.87(b)','Applicable Sections of FAR Part 61 and 91\nAirspace rules and procedures for the airport in which solo flight will take place\nFlight characteristics and operational limitations of the airplane used for solo',1.0,2.0,3),(1044,91,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.5,8),(1045,91,1044,'Stage Check','Preflight preparation and preflight inspection\nStartup\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff checks (runup)\nNormal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing\nAfter landing procedures\nShutdown and securing airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(1046,91,1044,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(1047,91,0,'First Solo FAR 61.109(a)(5)(iii)','Congratulations, you are about to solo. You will be using everything you have learned up to this point for this lesson. After receiving the appropriate endorsements from your instructor, you will be in the airplane by yourself for the first time. You will be required to complete at least 3 takeoffs and landings (with flight in the traffic pattern), or as directed by your instructor.\n\nMake sure you wear an old shirt.',1.0,2.0,9),(1048,91,1047,'Review','Use of Checklists\nPreflight procedures\nStartup procedures\nRadio Communications\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff procedures\nNormal or crosswind takeoff(s)\nNormal or crosswind landing(s)\nAirport traffic pattern\nCollision avoidance',1.0,2.0,1),(1049,91,1047,'First Solo','Remaining in the aiport traffic pattern, conduct 3 takeoffs and landings (to a full stop), or as directed by your instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(1050,91,1047,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and without the aid of your instructor, complete 3 takeoffs and landings while remaining in the airport traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(1051,91,0,'Performance Takeoffs and Landings','Congratulations on your first solo and welcome to the cross country phase of your flight training. \n\nDuring your cross country training and after you earn your private pilot certificate, you will be flying to new and exotic locations. At some point you are bound to encounter an unusual runway, one that may be short or has a soft surface, or a combination of both. For this reason, it is important that you become familiar with the execution of performance takeoff and landing procedures.',1.0,2.0,10),(1052,91,1051,'Review','Go-around\nCollision avoidance\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1053,91,1051,'New Procedures','Soft field takeoff\nSoft field landing\nShort field takeoff\nShort field landing\nClimbs at best angle of climb speed\nClimbs at best rate of climb speed',1.0,2.0,2),(1054,91,1051,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of flight instructor, complete short/soft field takeoffs and landings.',1.0,2.0,3),(1055,91,1051,'Practical Test Standards','* Soft Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the lowest possible airspeed and remains in ground effect while accelerating to VX or VY, as appropriate.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude for VX or VY, as appropriate, and maintains selected airspeed +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by the manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VX or VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n* Soft Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n* Short Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX,+10/-5 knots, until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet (20 meters) above the surface.\n- After clearing the obstacle, establishes the pitch attitude for VY, accelerates to VY, and maintains VY, +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Short Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended approach airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 200 feet (60 meters) beyond a specified point, with no side drift, minimum float and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(1056,91,0,'Flight by Reference To Instruments FAR 61.109(a)(3)','During this lesson, you will be using a view limiting device (for dual training only) and flying the airplane solely by reference to instruments.',1.0,2.0,11),(1057,91,1056,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1058,91,1056,'New Procedures','Straight and Level Flight (IR)\nClimbs/Descents (Constant Airspeed) (IR)\nTurns to Headings and Standard Rate Turns (IR)\nUnusual Attitude Recoveries (IR)',1.0,2.0,2),(1059,91,1056,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily control the airplane by reference to instruments and recover from nose high and nose low unusual attitudes.',1.0,2.0,3),(1060,91,1056,'Practical Test Standards','* Straight and Level Flight:\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; and airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents:\n- Levels off at the assigned altitude and maintains that altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Turns to Headings\n- Demonstrates turns to headings solely by reference to instruments; maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains a standard rate turn and rolls out on the assigned heading, &amp;plusmn; 10&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(1061,91,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,12),(1062,91,1061,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSteep turns\nRectangular course\nTurn around a point\nS-Turns\nTraffic pattern',1.0,2.0,1),(1063,91,1061,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(1064,91,1061,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(1065,91,0,'Navigation','Being able to navigate, whether visually or radio navigation, is a skill essential to you as an aviator.\nThis lesson also complies with 61.109(a)(3)',1.5,2.5,13),(1066,91,1065,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and landing\nFlight by reference to instruments\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1067,91,1065,'New Procedures','Pilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of radios for VFR navigation (VOR/NDB)\nBasic use of GPS (if applicable)\nLost procedures and diversion to alternate\nPower off stalls (IR)\nPower on stalls (IR)\nTerrain collision avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(1068,91,1065,'Completion Standards','- Satisfactorily plot and navigate a course using a navigation chart (pilotage and dead reckoning), navigate inbound and/or outbound on a navigation station (VOR/NDB) course, use the GPS direct-to feature (if applicable).\n- Satisfactorily and promptly (according to a scenario presented), divert to and navigate to an alternate airport.\n- Conduct lost procedures (climb, communicate,confess, comply)\n- Demonstrate recovery from stalls (power on/off) while wearing a view limiting device.',1.0,2.0,3),(1069,91,0,'Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(1)','Congratulations. You are about to embark on your first cross country flight. Enjoy!',2.5,3.5,14),(1070,91,1069,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1071,91,1069,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1072,91,1069,'Dual Cross Country','This flight will be performed with your instructor to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(1073,91,1069,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(1074,91,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.0,15),(1075,91,1074,'Stage Check','Short field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1076,91,1074,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers and procedures prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(1077,91,0,'Cross Country (Solo) FAR 61.109(a)(5)(i)','',2.5,3.5,16),(1078,91,1077,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1079,91,1077,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1080,91,1077,'First Solo Cross Country','This flight will be performed solo to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(1081,91,1077,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(1082,91,0,'Night Flight FAR 61.109(a)(2)(ii)','',1.0,2.0,17),(1083,91,1082,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing',1.0,2.0,1),(1084,91,1082,'New Procedures and Concepts','Required instruments and equipment for VFR flight at night\nNight physiology during flight\nNight flight preparation and preflight\nNight taxi\nNight takeoff and climb\nNight flight in the traffic pattern\nNight approach and landing',1.0,2.0,2),(1085,91,1082,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete at least 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop, with each involving a flight in the traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(1086,91,0,'Long Cross Country (Solo) 61.109(a)(5)(ii)','',2.5,3.5,18),(1087,91,1086,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1088,91,1086,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1089,91,1086,'Long Solo Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight  of at least 150nm total distance, with full stop landings at 3 points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight line distance of more than 50nm between takeoff and landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(1090,91,1086,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete long cross country flight.',1.0,2.0,4),(1091,91,0,'Night Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(2)(i)','This flight also complies with FAR 61.109(a)(1)',2.0,3.5,19),(1092,91,1091,'Review','',1.0,2.0,1),(1093,91,1091,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1094,91,1091,'Night Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight at night (between the hours of sunset and sunrise), of at least 100nm total distance.',1.0,2.0,3),(1095,91,1091,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the night cross country.',1.0,2.0,4),(1096,91,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,20),(1097,91,1096,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nConstant airspeed climbs and descents\nTurns to headings\nSteep turns\nTurns around a point\nS-turns\nSlow flight\nPower off stalls\nPower on stalls\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nRadio communication and navigation (VOR/ADF/GPS)',1.0,2.0,1),(1098,91,1096,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(1099,91,1096,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(1100,91,0,'Practical Test Preparation FAR 61.109(a)(4)','This lesson has to be conducted within 2 calendar months preceding the month of your practical test. It could also be broken up into more than one lesson, but  they need to equal at least 3 hours of flight training in preparation for practical test.',2.0,4.0,21),(1101,91,1100,'Review','Review all maneuvers and procedures learned up to this point.',1.0,2.0,1),(1102,91,1100,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when at least 3 hours of flight training have been conducted, and you and your flight instructor are confident that you are ready to continue towards the next step, the FAA Practical Test.',1.0,2.0,2),(1103,91,1100,'Checkride Preparation','With the aid of your instructor, be sure to complete your IACRA/FAA 8710 Form.',1.0,2.0,3),(1104,91,0,'FAA Practical Test','Congratulations!!! Your energy and perseverance have paid off. You have made it up to this point, and you are ready to finally become a certificated pilot. Good luck!',3.0,4.0,22),(1105,91,1104,'Materials to Bring to the Checkride','ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT\n\nAircraft Documents:\n- Airworthiness Certificate\n- Registration Certificate\n- Operating Limitations\n\nAircraft Maintenance Records:\n- Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD Compliance\n- Pilot&#039;s Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual\n\nPERSONAL EQUIPMENT\n- View-Limiting Device\n- Current Aeronautical Charts\n- Computer and Plotter\n- Flight Plan Form\n- Flight Logs\n- Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate Publications\n\nPERSONAL RECORDS\n- Identification&amp;mdash;Photo/Signature ID\n- Pilot Certificate\n- Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate\n- Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application with Instructor&amp;rsquo;s Signature (If applicable)\n- Computer Test Report\n- Pilot Logbook with appropriate Instructor Endorsements\n- FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)\n- Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable)\n- Examiner&amp;rsquo;s Fee (if applicable)\n\nBRING A COPY OF THE PRIVATE PILOT PTS',1.0,2.0,2),(1106,92,0,'Discovery Flight','This is your first flight lesson. We will take a short flight to a nearby airport and back, and explore how great flying is. Get ready, because you will be at the controls for most of the flight.',0.5,1.5,1),(1107,92,1106,'Procedures','Use of Checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff\nClimbs and Descents\nStraight and Level\nLevel Turns\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(1108,92,1106,'Completion Standards','- Conduct and appropriate preflight inspection with the aid of your flight instructor and the airplane&#039;s preflight checklist. Determine if the airplane is in airworthy condition.\n- Taxi the airplane from the ramp area to the runway and back with the aid of your flight instructor.\n- Manipulate the controls in the air with the aid of your flight instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(1109,92,0,'Fundamentals of Flight','The four fundamentals of flight are as follows:\n1. Straight and Level\n2. Climbs\n3. Descents\n4. Turns\nWhen you fly an airplane, you are performing one or a combination of these.',1.0,2.0,2),(1110,92,1109,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(1111,92,1109,'New Procedures','*Aeronautical decision making (will be practiced throughout this course, even if not included in the syllabus)\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nConstant airspeed climbs\nCollision Avoidance\nLeveling off at desired altitude\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nShallow and Medium Turns\nConstant airspeed descents\nTurning Climbs and Turning Descents\nTurns to headings\nCross checking instrument indications during flight maneuvers\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,2),(1112,92,1109,'Completion Standards','- Use the airplane checklist to preflight the airplane, start the engine, taxi, and conduct pre-takeoff checks.\n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind takeoff(s) and climb.\n- Satisfactorily be able to maintain altitude and heading during straight and level flight; make smooth and coordinated turns, climbs, and descents. \n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind approach(es) and landing.\n- Use the airplane checklist to conduct after landing, taxi, shutdown, and securing procedures.',1.0,2.0,3),(1113,92,1109,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(1114,92,0,'Slow Flight and Stalls','Slow flight is fundamental to a good approach and landing, so this lesson is a very important building block to future lessons. You will also learn and practice recoveries from stalls.',1.5,2.5,3),(1115,92,1114,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(1116,92,1114,'New Procedures','Positioning the flight controls during taxi\nFlight at various airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower Off Stalls\nPower On Stalls\nSecondary Stalls (Demonstrated by Instructor)\nLeft turning tendencies',1.0,2.0,2),(1117,92,1114,'Completion Standards','- Recognize wind conditions and apply the proper control deflections during taxi.\n- Maintain altitude and heading (or as directed by your instructor) during slow flight.\n- Satisfactorily recover from power off and power on stalls.',1.0,2.0,3),(1118,92,1114,'Practical Test Standards','*Slow Flight:\n- Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains the specified altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; airspeed, +10/&amp;minus;0 knots; and specified angle of bank, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n*Stalls:\n- Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains a specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;, in straight flight; maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20&amp;deg;, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; in turning flight, while inducing the stall.\n- Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction; returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the examiner.',1.0,2.0,4),(1119,92,0,'Ground Reference Maneuvers','During ground reference maneuvers, you will become more familiar with the wind, and how the airplane reacts in relation to it. To properly conduct these maneuvers, you will need to maintain an acceptable ground track while dividing your attention between inside and outside of the cockpit.',1.5,2.5,4),(1120,92,1119,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(1121,92,1119,'New Procedures','Rectangular Course\nTurns Around a Point\nS-Turns',1.0,2.0,2),(1122,92,1119,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete the ground reference maneuvers while dividing your attention between inside of the cockpit, ground reference, and collision hazards while correcting for wind drift.',1.0,2.0,3),(1123,92,1119,'Practical Test Standards','* Rectangular Course:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL (180 to 300 meters) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45&amp;deg; to the downwind leg.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* Turns Around a Point:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter left or right at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, at an appropriate distance from the reference point.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* S-Turns\n-Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, perpendicular to the selected reference line.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(1124,92,0,'More Takeoffs and Landings','For this flight, we will be remaining in the traffic pattern conducting touch and go&#039;s.',1.0,2.0,5),(1125,92,1124,'Review','Normal takeoff and climb\nNormal aproach and landing\nFlight in the airport traffic pattern\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(1126,92,1124,'New Procedures','Cross Wind Takeoff and Climb\nCross Wind Approach and Landing\nGo Arounds\nForward Slips to Landing\nWake turbulence precautions and avoidance\nWind shear avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(1127,92,1124,'Completion Standards','- Complete normal/crosswind takeoffs and climbs, and approaches and landings satisfactorily. \n- Satisfactorily maneuver and configure the airplane in the traffic pattern, demonstrating stall/spin awareness, collision awareness, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear avoidance.',1.0,2.0,3),(1128,92,1124,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(1129,92,0,'Steep Turns and Emergency Procedures','Steep turns teach you better coordination and control of the airplane while dividing your attention between outside and inside of the airplane. By practicing emergnecy procedures, you will become more confident in your abilities to handle a real emergency if it presents itself.',1.0,2.0,6),(1130,92,1129,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(1131,92,1129,'New Procedures','Steep Turns\nEmergency Procedures (engine failure, fire, emergency descent)\nRadio communications (with aid of instructor)',1.0,2.0,2),(1132,92,1129,'Completion Standards','Complete a series of steep turns, both to the left and to the right.\nSatisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the proper procedures after a simulated engine failure, engine/electrical fire, emergency descent, and emergency landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(1133,92,1129,'Practical Test Standards','* Steep Turns:\n- Rolls into a coordinated 360&amp;deg; turn; maintains a 45&amp;deg; bank. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the examiner.\n- Divides attention between airplane control and orientation.\n- Maintains the entry altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters), airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots, bank, &amp;plusmn;5&amp;deg;; and rolls out on the entry heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n* Emergency Approach and Landing:\n- Establishes and maintains the recommended best-glide airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(1134,92,0,'Prepare for Solo Flight','We will use this time go over anything that has not been understood or covered up to this point. In addition, you will take you pre-solo written test.',2.5,3.5,7),(1135,92,1134,'Review','Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(1136,92,1134,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when both the student and instructor feel comfortable and confident that the student is ready to move forwards with the next stages of training (solo).',1.0,2.0,2),(1137,92,1134,'Pre-Solo Written Test FAR 61.87(b)','Applicable Sections of FAR Part 61 and 91\nAirspace rules and procedures for the airport in which solo flight will take place\nFlight characteristics and operational limitations of the airplane used for solo',1.0,2.0,3),(1138,92,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.5,8),(1139,92,1138,'Stage Check','Preflight preparation and preflight inspection\nStartup\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff checks (runup)\nNormal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing\nAfter landing procedures\nShutdown and securing airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(1140,92,1138,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(1141,92,0,'First Solo FAR 61.109(a)(5)(iii)','Congratulations, you are about to solo. You will be using everything you have learned up to this point for this lesson. After receiving the appropriate endorsements from your instructor, you will be in the airplane by yourself for the first time. You will be required to complete at least 3 takeoffs and landings (with flight in the traffic pattern), or as directed by your instructor.\n\nMake sure you wear an old shirt.',1.0,2.0,9),(1142,92,1141,'Review','Use of Checklists\nPreflight procedures\nStartup procedures\nRadio Communications\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff procedures\nNormal or crosswind takeoff(s)\nNormal or crosswind landing(s)\nAirport traffic pattern\nCollision avoidance',1.0,2.0,1),(1143,92,1141,'First Solo','Remaining in the aiport traffic pattern, conduct 3 takeoffs and landings (to a full stop), or as directed by your instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(1144,92,1141,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and without the aid of your instructor, complete 3 takeoffs and landings while remaining in the airport traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(1145,92,0,'Performance Takeoffs and Landings','Congratulations on your first solo and welcome to the cross country phase of your flight training. \n\nDuring your cross country training and after you earn your private pilot certificate, you will be flying to new and exotic locations. At some point you are bound to encounter an unusual runway, one that may be short or has a soft surface, or a combination of both. For this reason, it is important that you become familiar with the execution of performance takeoff and landing procedures.',1.0,2.0,10),(1146,92,1145,'Review','Go-around\nCollision avoidance\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1147,92,1145,'New Procedures','Soft field takeoff\nSoft field landing\nShort field takeoff\nShort field landing\nClimbs at best angle of climb speed\nClimbs at best rate of climb speed',1.0,2.0,2),(1148,92,1145,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of flight instructor, complete short/soft field takeoffs and landings.',1.0,2.0,3),(1149,92,1145,'Practical Test Standards','* Soft Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the lowest possible airspeed and remains in ground effect while accelerating to VX or VY, as appropriate.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude for VX or VY, as appropriate, and maintains selected airspeed +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by the manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VX or VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n* Soft Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n* Short Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX,+10/-5 knots, until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet (20 meters) above the surface.\n- After clearing the obstacle, establishes the pitch attitude for VY, accelerates to VY, and maintains VY, +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Short Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended approach airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 200 feet (60 meters) beyond a specified point, with no side drift, minimum float and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(1150,92,0,'Flight by Reference To Instruments FAR 61.109(a)(3)','During this lesson, you will be using a view limiting device (for dual training only) and flying the airplane solely by reference to instruments.',1.0,2.0,11),(1151,92,1150,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1152,92,1150,'New Procedures','Straight and Level Flight (IR)\nClimbs/Descents (Constant Airspeed) (IR)\nTurns to Headings and Standard Rate Turns (IR)\nUnusual Attitude Recoveries (IR)',1.0,2.0,2),(1153,92,1150,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily control the airplane by reference to instruments and recover from nose high and nose low unusual attitudes.',1.0,2.0,3),(1154,92,1150,'Practical Test Standards','* Straight and Level Flight:\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; and airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents:\n- Levels off at the assigned altitude and maintains that altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Turns to Headings\n- Demonstrates turns to headings solely by reference to instruments; maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains a standard rate turn and rolls out on the assigned heading, &amp;plusmn; 10&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(1155,92,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,12),(1156,92,1155,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSteep turns\nRectangular course\nTurn around a point\nS-Turns\nTraffic pattern',1.0,2.0,1),(1157,92,1155,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(1158,92,1155,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(1159,92,0,'Navigation','Being able to navigate, whether visually or radio navigation, is a skill essential to you as an aviator.\nThis lesson also complies with 61.109(a)(3)',1.5,2.5,13),(1160,92,1159,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and landing\nFlight by reference to instruments\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1161,92,1159,'New Procedures','Pilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of radios for VFR navigation (VOR/NDB)\nBasic use of GPS (if applicable)\nLost procedures and diversion to alternate\nPower off stalls (IR)\nPower on stalls (IR)\nTerrain collision avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(1162,92,1159,'Completion Standards','- Satisfactorily plot and navigate a course using a navigation chart (pilotage and dead reckoning), navigate inbound and/or outbound on a navigation station (VOR/NDB) course, use the GPS direct-to feature (if applicable).\n- Satisfactorily and promptly (according to a scenario presented), divert to and navigate to an alternate airport.\n- Conduct lost procedures (climb, communicate,confess, comply)\n- Demonstrate recovery from stalls (power on/off) while wearing a view limiting device.',1.0,2.0,3),(1163,92,0,'Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(1)','Congratulations. You are about to embark on your first cross country flight. Enjoy!',2.5,3.5,14),(1164,92,1163,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1165,92,1163,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1166,92,1163,'Dual Cross Country','This flight will be performed with your instructor to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(1167,92,1163,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(1168,92,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.0,15),(1169,92,1168,'Stage Check','Short field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1170,92,1168,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers and procedures prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(1171,92,0,'Cross Country (Solo) FAR 61.109(a)(5)(i)','',2.5,3.5,16),(1172,92,1171,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1173,92,1171,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1174,92,1171,'First Solo Cross Country','This flight will be performed solo to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(1175,92,1171,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(1176,92,0,'Night Flight FAR 61.109(a)(2)(ii)','',1.0,2.0,17),(1177,92,1176,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing',1.0,2.0,1),(1178,92,1176,'New Procedures and Concepts','Required instruments and equipment for VFR flight at night\nNight physiology during flight\nNight flight preparation and preflight\nNight taxi\nNight takeoff and climb\nNight flight in the traffic pattern\nNight approach and landing',1.0,2.0,2),(1179,92,1176,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete at least 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop, with each involving a flight in the traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(1180,92,0,'Long Cross Country (Solo) 61.109(a)(5)(ii)','',2.5,3.5,18),(1181,92,1180,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1182,92,1180,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1183,92,1180,'Long Solo Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight  of at least 150nm total distance, with full stop landings at 3 points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight line distance of more than 50nm between takeoff and landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(1184,92,1180,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete long cross country flight.',1.0,2.0,4),(1185,92,0,'Night Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(2)(i)','This flight also complies with FAR 61.109(a)(1)',2.0,3.5,19),(1186,92,1185,'Review','',1.0,2.0,1),(1187,92,1185,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1188,92,1185,'Night Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight at night (between the hours of sunset and sunrise), of at least 100nm total distance.',1.0,2.0,3),(1189,92,1185,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the night cross country.',1.0,2.0,4),(1190,92,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,20),(1191,92,1190,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nConstant airspeed climbs and descents\nTurns to headings\nSteep turns\nTurns around a point\nS-turns\nSlow flight\nPower off stalls\nPower on stalls\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nRadio communication and navigation (VOR/ADF/GPS)',1.0,2.0,1),(1192,92,1190,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(1193,92,1190,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(1194,92,0,'Practical Test Preparation FAR 61.109(a)(4)','This lesson has to be conducted within 2 calendar months preceding the month of your practical test. It could also be broken up into more than one lesson, but  they need to equal at least 3 hours of flight training in preparation for practical test.',2.0,4.0,21),(1195,92,1194,'Review','Review all maneuvers and procedures learned up to this point.',1.0,2.0,1),(1196,92,1194,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when at least 3 hours of flight training have been conducted, and you and your flight instructor are confident that you are ready to continue towards the next step, the FAA Practical Test.',1.0,2.0,2),(1197,92,1194,'Checkride Preparation','With the aid of your instructor, be sure to complete your IACRA/FAA 8710 Form.',1.0,2.0,3),(1198,92,0,'FAA Practical Test','Congratulations!!! Your energy and perseverance have paid off. You have made it up to this point, and you are ready to finally become a certificated pilot. Good luck!',3.0,4.0,22),(1199,92,1198,'Materials to Bring to the Checkride','ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT\n\nAircraft Documents:\n- Airworthiness Certificate\n- Registration Certificate\n- Operating Limitations\n\nAircraft Maintenance Records:\n- Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD Compliance\n- Pilot&#039;s Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual\n\nPERSONAL EQUIPMENT\n- View-Limiting Device\n- Current Aeronautical Charts\n- Computer and Plotter\n- Flight Plan Form\n- Flight Logs\n- Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate Publications\n\nPERSONAL RECORDS\n- Identification&amp;mdash;Photo/Signature ID\n- Pilot Certificate\n- Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate\n- Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application with Instructor&amp;rsquo;s Signature (If applicable)\n- Computer Test Report\n- Pilot Logbook with appropriate Instructor Endorsements\n- FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)\n- Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable)\n- Examiner&amp;rsquo;s Fee (if applicable)\n\nBRING A COPY OF THE PRIVATE PILOT PTS',1.0,2.0,2),(1200,93,0,'Introduction','',1.0,2.0,1),(1201,93,0,'Physiological Factors','',1.0,2.0,2),(1202,93,0,'Information processing','',1.0,2.0,3),(1203,93,0,'Interfaces','',1.0,2.0,4),(1204,93,0,'The CRM loop','',1.0,2.0,5),(1205,93,0,'The error chain','',1.0,2.0,6),(1206,93,0,'Leadership - Followership - Authority','',1.0,2.0,7),(1214,95,0,'Discovery Flight','This is your first flight lesson. We will take a short flight to a nearby airport and back, and explore how great flying is. Get ready, because you will be at the controls for most of the flight.',0.5,1.5,1),(1215,95,1214,'Procedures','Use of Checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff\nClimbs and Descents\nStraight and Level\nLevel Turns\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(1216,95,1214,'Completion Standards','- Conduct and appropriate preflight inspection with the aid of your flight instructor and the airplane&#039;s preflight checklist. Determine if the airplane is in airworthy condition.\n- Taxi the airplane from the ramp area to the runway and back with the aid of your flight instructor.\n- Manipulate the controls in the air with the aid of your flight instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(1217,95,0,'Fundamentals of Flight','The four fundamentals of flight are as follows:\n1. Straight and Level\n2. Climbs\n3. Descents\n4. Turns\nWhen you fly an airplane, you are performing one or a combination of these.',1.0,2.0,2),(1218,95,1217,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(1219,95,1217,'New Procedures','*Aeronautical decision making (will be practiced throughout this course, even if not included in the syllabus)\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nConstant airspeed climbs\nCollision Avoidance\nLeveling off at desired altitude\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nShallow and Medium Turns\nConstant airspeed descents\nTurning Climbs and Turning Descents\nTurns to headings\nCross checking instrument indications during flight maneuvers\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,2),(1220,95,1217,'Completion Standards','- Use the airplane checklist to preflight the airplane, start the engine, taxi, and conduct pre-takeoff checks.\n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind takeoff(s) and climb.\n- Satisfactorily be able to maintain altitude and heading during straight and level flight; make smooth and coordinated turns, climbs, and descents. \n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind approach(es) and landing.\n- Use the airplane checklist to conduct after landing, taxi, shutdown, and securing procedures.',1.0,2.0,3),(1221,95,1217,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(1222,95,0,'Slow Flight and Stalls','Slow flight is fundamental to a good approach and landing, so this lesson is a very important building block to future lessons. You will also learn and practice recoveries from stalls.',1.5,2.5,3),(1223,95,1222,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(1224,95,1222,'New Procedures','Positioning the flight controls during taxi\nFlight at various airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower Off Stalls\nPower On Stalls\nSecondary Stalls (Demonstrated by Instructor)\nLeft turning tendencies',1.0,2.0,2),(1225,95,1222,'Completion Standards','- Recognize wind conditions and apply the proper control deflections during taxi.\n- Maintain altitude and heading (or as directed by your instructor) during slow flight.\n- Satisfactorily recover from power off and power on stalls.',1.0,2.0,3),(1226,95,1222,'Practical Test Standards','*Slow Flight:\n- Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains the specified altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; airspeed, +10/&amp;minus;0 knots; and specified angle of bank, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n*Stalls:\n- Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains a specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;, in straight flight; maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20&amp;deg;, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; in turning flight, while inducing the stall.\n- Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction; returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the examiner.',1.0,2.0,4),(1227,95,0,'Ground Reference Maneuvers','During ground reference maneuvers, you will become more familiar with the wind, and how the airplane reacts in relation to it. To properly conduct these maneuvers, you will need to maintain an acceptable ground track while dividing your attention between inside and outside of the cockpit.',1.5,2.5,4),(1228,95,1227,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(1229,95,1227,'New Procedures','Rectangular Course\nTurns Around a Point\nS-Turns',1.0,2.0,2),(1230,95,1227,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete the ground reference maneuvers while dividing your attention between inside of the cockpit, ground reference, and collision hazards while correcting for wind drift.',1.0,2.0,3),(1231,95,1227,'Practical Test Standards','* Rectangular Course:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL (180 to 300 meters) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45&amp;deg; to the downwind leg.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* Turns Around a Point:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter left or right at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, at an appropriate distance from the reference point.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* S-Turns\n-Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, perpendicular to the selected reference line.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(1232,95,0,'More Takeoffs and Landings','For this flight, we will be remaining in the traffic pattern conducting touch and go&#039;s.',1.0,2.0,5),(1233,95,1232,'Review','Normal takeoff and climb\nNormal aproach and landing\nFlight in the airport traffic pattern\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(1234,95,1232,'New Procedures','Cross Wind Takeoff and Climb\nCross Wind Approach and Landing\nGo Arounds\nForward Slips to Landing\nWake turbulence precautions and avoidance\nWind shear avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(1235,95,1232,'Completion Standards','- Complete normal/crosswind takeoffs and climbs, and approaches and landings satisfactorily. \n- Satisfactorily maneuver and configure the airplane in the traffic pattern, demonstrating stall/spin awareness, collision awareness, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear avoidance.',1.0,2.0,3),(1236,95,1232,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(1237,95,0,'Steep Turns and Emergency Procedures','Steep turns teach you better coordination and control of the airplane while dividing your attention between outside and inside of the airplane. By practicing emergency procedures, you will become more confident in your abilities to handle a real emergency if it presents itself.',1.0,2.0,6),(1238,95,1237,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(1239,95,1237,'New Procedures','Steep Turns\nEmergency Procedures (engine failure, fire, emergency descent)\nRadio communications (with aid of instructor)',1.0,2.0,2),(1240,95,1237,'Completion Standards','Complete a series of steep turns, both to the left and to the right.\nSatisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the proper procedures after a simulated engine failure, engine/electrical fire, emergency descent, and emergency landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(1241,95,1237,'Practical Test Standards','* Steep Turns:\n- Rolls into a coordinated 360&amp;deg; turn; maintains a 45&amp;deg; bank. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the examiner.\n- Divides attention between airplane control and orientation.\n- Maintains the entry altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters), airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots, bank, &amp;plusmn;5&amp;deg;; and rolls out on the entry heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n* Emergency Approach and Landing:\n- Establishes and maintains the recommended best-glide airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(1242,95,0,'Prepare for Solo Flight','We will use this time go over anything that has not been understood or covered up to this point. In addition, you will take you pre-solo written test.',2.5,3.5,7),(1243,95,1242,'Review','Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(1244,95,1242,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when both the student and instructor feel comfortable and confident that the student is ready to move forwards with the next stages of training (solo).',1.0,2.0,2),(1245,95,1242,'Pre-Solo Written Test FAR 61.87(b)','Applicable Sections of FAR Part 61 and 91\nAirspace rules and procedures for the airport in which solo flight will take place\nFlight characteristics and operational limitations of the airplane used for solo',1.0,2.0,3),(1246,95,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.5,8),(1247,95,1246,'Stage Check','Preflight preparation and preflight inspection\nStartup\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff checks (runup)\nNormal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing\nAfter landing procedures\nShutdown and securing airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(1248,95,1246,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(1249,95,0,'First Solo FAR 61.109(a)(5)(iii)','Congratulations, you are about to solo. You will be using everything you have learned up to this point for this lesson. After receiving the appropriate endorsements from your instructor, you will be in the airplane by yourself for the first time. You will be required to complete at least 3 takeoffs and landings (with flight in the traffic pattern), or as directed by your instructor.\n\nMake sure you wear an old shirt.',1.0,2.0,9),(1250,95,1249,'Review','Use of Checklists\nPreflight procedures\nStartup procedures\nRadio Communications\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff procedures\nNormal or crosswind takeoff(s)\nNormal or crosswind landing(s)\nAirport traffic pattern\nCollision avoidance',1.0,2.0,1),(1251,95,1249,'First Solo','Remaining in the aiport traffic pattern, conduct 3 takeoffs and landings (to a full stop), or as directed by your instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(1252,95,1249,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and without the aid of your instructor, complete 3 takeoffs and landings while remaining in the airport traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(1253,95,0,'Performance Takeoffs and Landings','Congratulations on your first solo and welcome to the cross country phase of your flight training. \n\nDuring your cross country training and after you earn your private pilot certificate, you will be flying to new and exotic locations. At some point you are bound to encounter an unusual runway, one that may be short or has a soft surface, or a combination of both. For this reason, it is important that you become familiar with the execution of performance takeoff and landing procedures.',1.0,2.0,10),(1254,95,1253,'Review','Go-around\nCollision avoidance\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1255,95,1253,'New Procedures','Soft field takeoff\nSoft field landing\nShort field takeoff\nShort field landing\nClimbs at best angle of climb speed\nClimbs at best rate of climb speed',1.0,2.0,2),(1256,95,1253,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of flight instructor, complete short/soft field takeoffs and landings.',1.0,2.0,3),(1257,95,1253,'Practical Test Standards','* Soft Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the lowest possible airspeed and remains in ground effect while accelerating to VX or VY, as appropriate.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude for VX or VY, as appropriate, and maintains selected airspeed +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by the manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VX or VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n* Soft Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n* Short Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX,+10/-5 knots, until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet (20 meters) above the surface.\n- After clearing the obstacle, establishes the pitch attitude for VY, accelerates to VY, and maintains VY, +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Short Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended approach airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 200 feet (60 meters) beyond a specified point, with no side drift, minimum float and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(1258,95,0,'Flight by Reference To Instruments FAR 61.109(a)(3)','During this lesson, you will be using a view limiting device (for dual training only) and flying the airplane solely by reference to instruments.',1.0,2.0,11),(1259,95,1258,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1260,95,1258,'New Procedures','Straight and Level Flight (IR)\nClimbs/Descents (Constant Airspeed) (IR)\nTurns to Headings and Standard Rate Turns (IR)\nUnusual Attitude Recoveries (IR)',1.0,2.0,2),(1261,95,1258,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily control the airplane by reference to instruments and recover from nose high and nose low unusual attitudes.',1.0,2.0,3),(1262,95,1258,'Practical Test Standards','* Straight and Level Flight:\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; and airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents:\n- Levels off at the assigned altitude and maintains that altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Turns to Headings\n- Demonstrates turns to headings solely by reference to instruments; maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains a standard rate turn and rolls out on the assigned heading, &amp;plusmn; 10&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(1263,95,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,12),(1264,95,1263,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSteep turns\nRectangular course\nTurn around a point\nS-Turns\nTraffic pattern',1.0,2.0,1),(1265,95,1263,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(1266,95,1263,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(1267,95,0,'Navigation','Being able to navigate, whether visually or radio navigation, is a skill essential to you as an aviator.\nThis lesson also complies with 61.109(a)(3)',1.5,2.5,13),(1268,95,1267,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and landing\nFlight by reference to instruments\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1269,95,1267,'New Procedures','Pilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of radios for VFR navigation (VOR/NDB)\nBasic use of GPS (if applicable)\nLost procedures and diversion to alternate\nPower off stalls (IR)\nPower on stalls (IR)\nTerrain collision avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(1270,95,1267,'Completion Standards','- Satisfactorily plot and navigate a course using a navigation chart (pilotage and dead reckoning), navigate inbound and/or outbound on a navigation station (VOR/NDB) course, use the GPS direct-to feature (if applicable).\n- Satisfactorily and promptly (according to a scenario presented), divert to and navigate to an alternate airport.\n- Conduct lost procedures (climb, communicate,confess, comply)\n- Demonstrate recovery from stalls (power on/off) while wearing a view limiting device.',1.0,2.0,3),(1271,95,0,'Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(1)','Congratulations. You are about to embark on your first cross country flight. Enjoy!',2.5,3.5,14),(1272,95,1271,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1273,95,1271,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1274,95,1271,'Dual Cross Country','This flight will be performed with your instructor to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(1275,95,1271,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(1276,95,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.0,15),(1277,95,1276,'Stage Check','Short field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1278,95,1276,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers and procedures prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(1279,95,0,'Cross Country (Solo) FAR 61.109(a)(5)(i)','',2.5,3.5,16),(1280,95,1279,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1281,95,1279,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1282,95,1279,'First Solo Cross Country','This flight will be performed solo to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(1283,95,1279,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(1284,95,0,'Night Flight FAR 61.109(a)(2)(ii)','',1.0,2.0,17),(1285,95,1284,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing',1.0,2.0,1),(1286,95,1284,'New Procedures and Concepts','Required instruments and equipment for VFR flight at night\nNight physiology during flight\nNight flight preparation and preflight\nNight taxi\nNight takeoff and climb\nNight flight in the traffic pattern\nNight approach and landing',1.0,2.0,2),(1287,95,1284,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete at least 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop, with each involving a flight in the traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(1288,95,0,'Long Cross Country (Solo) 61.109(a)(5)(ii)','',2.5,3.5,18),(1289,95,1288,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1290,95,1288,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1291,95,1288,'Long Solo Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight  of at least 150nm total distance, with full stop landings at 3 points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight line distance of more than 50nm between takeoff and landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(1292,95,1288,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete long cross country flight.',1.0,2.0,4),(1293,95,0,'Night Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(2)(i)','This flight also complies with FAR 61.109(a)(1)',2.0,3.5,19),(1294,95,1293,'Review','',1.0,2.0,1),(1295,95,1293,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1296,95,1293,'Night Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight at night (between the hours of sunset and sunrise), of at least 100nm total distance.',1.0,2.0,3),(1297,95,1293,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the night cross country.',1.0,2.0,4),(1298,95,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,20),(1299,95,1298,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nConstant airspeed climbs and descents\nTurns to headings\nSteep turns\nTurns around a point\nS-turns\nSlow flight\nPower off stalls\nPower on stalls\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nRadio communication and navigation (VOR/ADF/GPS)',1.0,2.0,1),(1300,95,1298,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(1301,95,1298,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(1302,95,0,'Practical Test Preparation FAR 61.109(a)(4)','This lesson has to be conducted within 2 calendar months preceding the month of your practical test. It could also be broken up into more than one lesson, but  they need to equal at least 3 hours of flight training in preparation for practical test.',2.0,4.0,21),(1303,95,1302,'Review','Review all maneuvers and procedures learned up to this point.',1.0,2.0,1),(1304,95,1302,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when at least 3 hours of flight training have been conducted, and you and your flight instructor are confident that you are ready to continue towards the next step, the FAA Practical Test.',1.0,2.0,2),(1305,95,1302,'Checkride Preparation','With the aid of your instructor, be sure to complete your IACRA/FAA 8710 Form.',1.0,2.0,3),(1306,95,0,'FAA Practical Test','Congratulations!!! Your energy and perseverance have paid off. You have made it up to this point, and you are ready to finally become a certificated pilot. Good luck!',3.0,4.0,22),(1307,95,1306,'Materials to Bring to the Checkride','ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT\n\nAircraft Documents:\n- Airworthiness Certificate\n- Registration Certificate\n- Operating Limitations\n\nAircraft Maintenance Records:\n- Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD Compliance\n- Pilot&#039;s Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual\n\nPERSONAL EQUIPMENT\n- View-Limiting Device\n- Current Aeronautical Charts\n- Computer and Plotter\n- Flight Plan Form\n- Flight Logs\n- Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate Publications\n\nPERSONAL RECORDS\n- Identification&amp;mdash;Photo/Signature ID\n- Pilot Certificate\n- Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate\n- Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application with Instructor&amp;rsquo;s Signature (If applicable)\n- Computer Test Report\n- Pilot Logbook with appropriate Instructor Endorsements\n- FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)\n- Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable)\n- Examiner&amp;rsquo;s Fee (if applicable)\n\nBRING A COPY OF THE PRIVATE PILOT PTS',1.0,2.0,2),(1308,96,0,'Introduction to Complex Airplanes','A complex airplane is one which has a retractable landing gear (for ASEL and AMEL) wing flaps, and controllable pitch propeller.',1.5,3.0,1),(1309,96,1308,'New Procedures and Concepts','- Function and types of wing flaps and their operational considerations.\n- Constant speed propeller and its operational considerations.\n- Retractable landing gear and its operational considerations.',1.0,2.0,1),(1310,96,1308,'Ground Instruction','- Operations sections of flight manual.\n- Line Inspection.\n- Cockpit familiarization.',1.0,2.0,2),(1311,96,1308,'Flight Instruction','- Flight Training Maneuvers (slow flight, stalls, steep turns) in various configurations.\n- Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds.',1.0,2.0,3),(1312,96,1308,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of the flight instructor, complete ground and flight training in a complex airplane.',1.0,2.0,4),(1313,96,0,'Weight &amp; Balance, Emergencies, and Systems','',1.5,3.0,5),(1314,96,1313,'Ground Training','- Weight and Balance.\n- Maintenance requirements.\n- Instruments, radios, and special equipment.\n- Airplane systems.',1.0,2.0,1),(1315,96,1313,'Flight Training','- Emergency operations (various system failures, including emergency landing gear extension).\n- Flight by reference to instruments.\n- Use of radio and autopilot (if applicable).',1.0,2.0,2),(1316,96,1313,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of the flight instructor, become familiar with airplane systems, emergency procedures, and special equipment.',1.0,2.0,3),(1317,96,0,'Performance Maneuvers','',2.0,3.0,6),(1318,96,1317,'Ground Instruction','- Performance section of flight manual (takeoff, climb, cruise, landing).',1.0,2.0,1),(1319,96,1317,'Post Flight','- Review of Previous Subjects.\n- Question for flight instructor?',1.0,2.0,3),(1320,96,1317,'Flight Instruction','- Short/Soft field takeoffs and landings.\n- Maximum performance operations.\n- Review any previous maneuvers and procedures as necessary.',1.0,2.0,2),(1321,96,1317,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of the flight instructor, conduct maximum performance maneuvers.',1.0,2.0,4),(1322,96,0,'Solo','As directed by the flight instructor, conduct a local solo flight.',1.0,2.0,7),(1323,96,1322,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight as directed by your flight instructor.',1.0,2.0,1),(1324,96,0,'Solo and Endorsement','As directed by the flight instructor, conduct a local solo flight.',1.0,2.0,8),(1325,96,1324,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight as directed by your flight instructor.',1.0,2.0,1),(1326,96,1324,'Endorsement','You will receive your &quot;Complex&quot; endorsement as deemed appropriate by your flight instructor. See the attached documents for a copy of this endorsement.',1.0,2.0,2),(1328,98,0,'Discovery Flight','This is your first flight lesson. We will take a short flight to a nearby airport and back, and explore how great flying is. Get ready, because you will be at the controls for most of the flight.',0.5,1.5,1),(1329,98,1328,'Procedures','Use of Checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff\nClimbs and Descents\nStraight and Level\nLevel Turns\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(1330,98,1328,'Completion Standards','- Conduct and appropriate preflight inspection with the aid of your flight instructor and the airplane&#039;s preflight checklist. Determine if the airplane is in airworthy condition.\n- Taxi the airplane from the ramp area to the runway and back with the aid of your flight instructor.\n- Manipulate the controls in the air with the aid of your flight instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(1331,98,0,'Fundamentals of Flight','The four fundamentals of flight are as follows:\n1. Straight and Level\n2. Climbs\n3. Descents\n4. Turns\nWhen you fly an airplane, you are performing one or a combination of these.',1.0,2.0,2),(1332,98,1331,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(1333,98,1331,'New Procedures','*Aeronautical decision making (will be practiced throughout this course, even if not included in the syllabus)\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nConstant airspeed climbs\nCollision Avoidance\nLeveling off at desired altitude\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nShallow and Medium Turns\nConstant airspeed descents\nTurning Climbs and Turning Descents\nTurns to headings\nCross checking instrument indications during flight maneuvers\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,2),(1334,98,1331,'Completion Standards','- Use the airplane checklist to preflight the airplane, start the engine, taxi, and conduct pre-takeoff checks.\n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind takeoff(s) and climb.\n- Satisfactorily be able to maintain altitude and heading during straight and level flight; make smooth and coordinated turns, climbs, and descents. \n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind approach(es) and landing.\n- Use the airplane checklist to conduct after landing, taxi, shutdown, and securing procedures.',1.0,2.0,3),(1335,98,1331,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(1336,98,0,'Slow Flight and Stalls','Slow flight is fundamental to a good approach and landing, so this lesson is a very important building block to future lessons. You will also learn and practice recoveries from stalls.',1.5,2.5,3),(1337,98,1336,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(1338,98,1336,'New Procedures','Positioning the flight controls during taxi\nFlight at various airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower Off Stalls\nPower On Stalls\nSecondary Stalls (Demonstrated by Instructor)\nLeft turning tendencies',1.0,2.0,2),(1339,98,1336,'Completion Standards','- Recognize wind conditions and apply the proper control deflections during taxi.\n- Maintain altitude and heading (or as directed by your instructor) during slow flight.\n- Satisfactorily recover from power off and power on stalls.',1.0,2.0,3),(1340,98,1336,'Practical Test Standards','*Slow Flight:\n- Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains the specified altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; airspeed, +10/&amp;minus;0 knots; and specified angle of bank, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n*Stalls:\n- Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains a specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;, in straight flight; maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20&amp;deg;, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; in turning flight, while inducing the stall.\n- Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction; returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the examiner.',1.0,2.0,4),(1341,98,0,'Ground Reference Maneuvers','During ground reference maneuvers, you will become more familiar with the wind, and how the airplane reacts in relation to it. To properly conduct these maneuvers, you will need to maintain an acceptable ground track while dividing your attention between inside and outside of the cockpit.',1.5,2.5,4),(1342,98,1341,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(1343,98,1341,'New Procedures','Rectangular Course\nTurns Around a Point\nS-Turns',1.0,2.0,2),(1344,98,1341,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete the ground reference maneuvers while dividing your attention between inside of the cockpit, ground reference, and collision hazards while correcting for wind drift.',1.0,2.0,3),(1345,98,1341,'Practical Test Standards','* Rectangular Course:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL (180 to 300 meters) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45&amp;deg; to the downwind leg.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* Turns Around a Point:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter left or right at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, at an appropriate distance from the reference point.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* S-Turns\n-Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, perpendicular to the selected reference line.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(1346,98,0,'More Takeoffs and Landings','For this flight, we will be remaining in the traffic pattern conducting touch and go&#039;s.',1.0,2.0,5),(1347,98,1346,'Review','Normal takeoff and climb\nNormal aproach and landing\nFlight in the airport traffic pattern\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(1348,98,1346,'New Procedures','Cross Wind Takeoff and Climb\nCross Wind Approach and Landing\nGo Arounds\nForward Slips to Landing\nWake turbulence precautions and avoidance\nWind shear avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(1349,98,1346,'Completion Standards','- Complete normal/crosswind takeoffs and climbs, and approaches and landings satisfactorily. \n- Satisfactorily maneuver and configure the airplane in the traffic pattern, demonstrating stall/spin awareness, collision awareness, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear avoidance.',1.0,2.0,3),(1350,98,1346,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(1351,98,0,'Steep Turns and Emergency Procedures','Steep turns teach you better coordination and control of the airplane while dividing your attention between outside and inside of the airplane. By practicing emergency procedures, you will become more confident in your abilities to handle a real emergency if it presents itself.',1.0,2.0,6),(1352,98,1351,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(1353,98,1351,'New Procedures','Steep Turns\nEmergency Procedures (engine failure, fire, emergency descent)\nRadio communications (with aid of instructor)',1.0,2.0,2),(1354,98,1351,'Completion Standards','Complete a series of steep turns, both to the left and to the right.\nSatisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the proper procedures after a simulated engine failure, engine/electrical fire, emergency descent, and emergency landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(1355,98,1351,'Practical Test Standards','* Steep Turns:\n- Rolls into a coordinated 360&amp;deg; turn; maintains a 45&amp;deg; bank. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the examiner.\n- Divides attention between airplane control and orientation.\n- Maintains the entry altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters), airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots, bank, &amp;plusmn;5&amp;deg;; and rolls out on the entry heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n* Emergency Approach and Landing:\n- Establishes and maintains the recommended best-glide airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(1356,98,0,'Prepare for Solo Flight','We will use this time go over anything that has not been understood or covered up to this point. In addition, you will take you pre-solo written test.',2.5,3.5,7),(1357,98,1356,'Review','Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(1358,98,1356,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when both the student and instructor feel comfortable and confident that the student is ready to move forwards with the next stages of training (solo).',1.0,2.0,2),(1359,98,1356,'Pre-Solo Written Test FAR 61.87(b)','Applicable Sections of FAR Part 61 and 91\nAirspace rules and procedures for the airport in which solo flight will take place\nFlight characteristics and operational limitations of the airplane used for solo',1.0,2.0,3),(1360,98,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.5,8),(1361,98,1360,'Stage Check','Preflight preparation and preflight inspection\nStartup\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff checks (runup)\nNormal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing\nAfter landing procedures\nShutdown and securing airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(1362,98,1360,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(1363,98,0,'First Solo FAR 61.109(a)(5)(iii)','Congratulations, you are about to solo. You will be using everything you have learned up to this point for this lesson. After receiving the appropriate endorsements from your instructor, you will be in the airplane by yourself for the first time. You will be required to complete at least 3 takeoffs and landings (with flight in the traffic pattern), or as directed by your instructor.\n\nMake sure you wear an old shirt.',1.0,2.0,9),(1364,98,1363,'Review','Use of Checklists\nPreflight procedures\nStartup procedures\nRadio Communications\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff procedures\nNormal or crosswind takeoff(s)\nNormal or crosswind landing(s)\nAirport traffic pattern\nCollision avoidance',1.0,2.0,1),(1365,98,1363,'First Solo','Remaining in the aiport traffic pattern, conduct 3 takeoffs and landings (to a full stop), or as directed by your instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(1366,98,1363,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and without the aid of your instructor, complete 3 takeoffs and landings while remaining in the airport traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(1367,98,0,'Performance Takeoffs and Landings','Congratulations on your first solo and welcome to the cross country phase of your flight training. \n\nDuring your cross country training and after you earn your private pilot certificate, you will be flying to new and exotic locations. At some point you are bound to encounter an unusual runway, one that may be short or has a soft surface, or a combination of both. For this reason, it is important that you become familiar with the execution of performance takeoff and landing procedures.',1.0,2.0,10),(1368,98,1367,'Review','Go-around\nCollision avoidance\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1369,98,1367,'New Procedures','Soft field takeoff\nSoft field landing\nShort field takeoff\nShort field landing\nClimbs at best angle of climb speed\nClimbs at best rate of climb speed',1.0,2.0,2),(1370,98,1367,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of flight instructor, complete short/soft field takeoffs and landings.',1.0,2.0,3),(1371,98,1367,'Practical Test Standards','* Soft Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the lowest possible airspeed and remains in ground effect while accelerating to VX or VY, as appropriate.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude for VX or VY, as appropriate, and maintains selected airspeed +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by the manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VX or VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n* Soft Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n* Short Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX,+10/-5 knots, until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet (20 meters) above the surface.\n- After clearing the obstacle, establishes the pitch attitude for VY, accelerates to VY, and maintains VY, +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Short Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended approach airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 200 feet (60 meters) beyond a specified point, with no side drift, minimum float and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(1372,98,0,'Flight by Reference To Instruments FAR 61.109(a)(3)','During this lesson, you will be using a view limiting device (for dual training only) and flying the airplane solely by reference to instruments.',1.0,2.0,11),(1373,98,1372,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1374,98,1372,'New Procedures','Straight and Level Flight (IR)\nClimbs/Descents (Constant Airspeed) (IR)\nTurns to Headings and Standard Rate Turns (IR)\nUnusual Attitude Recoveries (IR)',1.0,2.0,2),(1375,98,1372,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily control the airplane by reference to instruments and recover from nose high and nose low unusual attitudes.',1.0,2.0,3),(1376,98,1372,'Practical Test Standards','* Straight and Level Flight:\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; and airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents:\n- Levels off at the assigned altitude and maintains that altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Turns to Headings\n- Demonstrates turns to headings solely by reference to instruments; maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains a standard rate turn and rolls out on the assigned heading, &amp;plusmn; 10&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(1377,98,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,12),(1378,98,1377,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSteep turns\nRectangular course\nTurn around a point\nS-Turns\nTraffic pattern',1.0,2.0,1),(1379,98,1377,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(1380,98,1377,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(1381,98,0,'Navigation','Being able to navigate, whether visually or radio navigation, is a skill essential to you as an aviator.\nThis lesson also complies with 61.109(a)(3)',1.5,2.5,13),(1382,98,1381,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and landing\nFlight by reference to instruments\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1383,98,1381,'New Procedures','Pilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of radios for VFR navigation (VOR/NDB)\nBasic use of GPS (if applicable)\nLost procedures and diversion to alternate\nPower off stalls (IR)\nPower on stalls (IR)\nTerrain collision avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(1384,98,1381,'Completion Standards','- Satisfactorily plot and navigate a course using a navigation chart (pilotage and dead reckoning), navigate inbound and/or outbound on a navigation station (VOR/NDB) course, use the GPS direct-to feature (if applicable).\n- Satisfactorily and promptly (according to a scenario presented), divert to and navigate to an alternate airport.\n- Conduct lost procedures (climb, communicate,confess, comply)\n- Demonstrate recovery from stalls (power on/off) while wearing a view limiting device.',1.0,2.0,3),(1385,98,0,'Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(1)','Congratulations. You are about to embark on your first cross country flight. Enjoy!',2.5,3.5,14),(1386,98,1385,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1387,98,1385,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1388,98,1385,'Dual Cross Country','This flight will be performed with your instructor to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(1389,98,1385,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(1390,98,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.0,15),(1391,98,1390,'Stage Check','Short field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1392,98,1390,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers and procedures prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(1393,98,0,'Cross Country (Solo) FAR 61.109(a)(5)(i)','',2.5,3.5,16),(1394,98,1393,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1395,98,1393,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1396,98,1393,'First Solo Cross Country','This flight will be performed solo to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(1397,98,1393,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(1398,98,0,'Night Flight FAR 61.109(a)(2)(ii)','',1.0,2.0,17),(1399,98,1398,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing',1.0,2.0,1),(1400,98,1398,'New Procedures and Concepts','Required instruments and equipment for VFR flight at night\nNight physiology during flight\nNight flight preparation and preflight\nNight taxi\nNight takeoff and climb\nNight flight in the traffic pattern\nNight approach and landing',1.0,2.0,2),(1401,98,1398,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete at least 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop, with each involving a flight in the traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(1402,98,0,'Long Cross Country (Solo) 61.109(a)(5)(ii)','',2.5,3.5,18),(1403,98,1402,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1404,98,1402,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1405,98,1402,'Long Solo Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight  of at least 150nm total distance, with full stop landings at 3 points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight line distance of more than 50nm between takeoff and landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(1406,98,1402,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete long cross country flight.',1.0,2.0,4),(1407,98,0,'Night Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(2)(i)','This flight also complies with FAR 61.109(a)(1)',2.0,3.5,19),(1408,98,1407,'Review','',1.0,2.0,1),(1409,98,1407,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1410,98,1407,'Night Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight at night (between the hours of sunset and sunrise), of at least 100nm total distance.',1.0,2.0,3),(1411,98,1407,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the night cross country.',1.0,2.0,4),(1412,98,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,20),(1413,98,1412,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nConstant airspeed climbs and descents\nTurns to headings\nSteep turns\nTurns around a point\nS-turns\nSlow flight\nPower off stalls\nPower on stalls\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nRadio communication and navigation (VOR/ADF/GPS)',1.0,2.0,1),(1414,98,1412,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(1415,98,1412,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(1416,98,0,'Practical Test Preparation FAR 61.109(a)(4)','This lesson has to be conducted within 2 calendar months preceding the month of your practical test. It could also be broken up into more than one lesson, but  they need to equal at least 3 hours of flight training in preparation for practical test.',2.0,4.0,21),(1417,98,1416,'Review','Review all maneuvers and procedures learned up to this point.',1.0,2.0,1),(1418,98,1416,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when at least 3 hours of flight training have been conducted, and you and your flight instructor are confident that you are ready to continue towards the next step, the FAA Practical Test.',1.0,2.0,2),(1419,98,1416,'Checkride Preparation','With the aid of your instructor, be sure to complete your IACRA/FAA 8710 Form.',1.0,2.0,3),(1420,98,0,'FAA Practical Test','Congratulations!!! Your energy and perseverance have paid off. You have made it up to this point, and you are ready to finally become a certificated pilot. Good luck!',3.0,4.0,22),(1421,98,1420,'Materials to Bring to the Checkride','ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT\n\nAircraft Documents:\n- Airworthiness Certificate\n- Registration Certificate\n- Operating Limitations\n\nAircraft Maintenance Records:\n- Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD Compliance\n- Pilot&#039;s Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual\n\nPERSONAL EQUIPMENT\n- View-Limiting Device\n- Current Aeronautical Charts\n- Computer and Plotter\n- Flight Plan Form\n- Flight Logs\n- Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate Publications\n\nPERSONAL RECORDS\n- Identification&amp;mdash;Photo/Signature ID\n- Pilot Certificate\n- Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate\n- Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application with Instructor&amp;rsquo;s Signature (If applicable)\n- Computer Test Report\n- Pilot Logbook with appropriate Instructor Endorsements\n- FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)\n- Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable)\n- Examiner&amp;rsquo;s Fee (if applicable)\n\nBRING A COPY OF THE PRIVATE PILOT PTS',1.0,2.0,2),(1422,99,0,'Irr','He did well',1.0,2.0,1),(1517,101,0,'Pre-Flight Inspection','',1.0,2.0,1),(1518,101,1517,'Elements hi hi','Reasons for the preflight inspection: \nDetermine aircraft is legally airworthy \nDetermine aircraft in safe condition for flight \nItems that should be inspected \nHow defects are detected \nImportance of using the appropriate checklist \nHow to determine fuel and oil quantity and contamination \nDetection of fuel, oil, and hydraulic leaks \nInspection of the flight controls \nDetection of visible structural damage \nRemoval of tie-downs, control locks, and wheel chocks \nRemoval of ice and frost \nImportance of the proper loading and securing of baggage, cargo, and equipment \nUse of judgment in determining that the airplane is airworthy and in condition for safe flight.',1.0,2.0,1),(1519,101,1517,'Common Errors','Failure to use or the improper use of checklist \nHazards which may result from allowing distractions to interrupt a visual inspection \nInability to recognize discrepancies to determine airworthiness \nFailure to ensure servicing with the proper fuel and oil \nFailure to ensure proper loading and securing of baggage, cargo, and equipment',1.0,2.0,2),(1520,101,1517,'Things to Remember','Leave all problems on the ground \nProper squawk write-up procedure \nUse of MEL and Kinds of Operation Equipment Lists \nAirworthiness includes placards \nEPA prohibits dumping fuel samples \nIntroduce student to flight school mechanics as resource for questions encountered on preflight. \nWalk around ramp, pointing out preflight discrepancies possibly found on other aircraft (on &amp;lsquo;skid row&amp;rsquo;) and taxiing hazards \nIntroduce ramp safety on walk out to aircraft. Include propellers, noise and jetblast from turbines as hazards. Introduce FOD (foreign object debris) walking, i.e. pick up trash on ramp on walk out to and from aircraft. The engine or life you save may be your own.',1.0,2.0,3),(1521,101,1517,'PTS Standards','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to preflight inspection. This shall include which items must be inspected, the reasons for checking each item, and how to detect possible defects \n Inspects the airplane with reference to an appropriate checklist \nVerifies the airplane is in condition for safe flight',1.0,2.0,4),(1522,101,1517,'Pre-flight Planning','To meet the requirements of 14 CFR 91.103, you should use the following acronym to help you complete the pre-flight planning portion of your pre-flight.\n\nNOTAMS\nWx\n\nKnown ATC Delays\nRunway Length\nAlternates\nFuel\nTake-off and Landing Distances',1.0,2.0,5),(1523,101,1517,'Study','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; \n &amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, &amp; 13 \n POH/AFM',1.0,2.0,6),(1524,101,0,'START UP, TAXI, TAKEOFF','',1.0,2.0,7),(1527,101,1524,'ELEMENTS','Safety precautions related to starting \nUse of external power \nEffect of atmospheric conditions on starting \nImportance of following the appropriate checklist \nAdjustment of engine controls during start \nPrevention of airplane movement during and after start \nSafety procedures for hand propping an airplane \nCarburetor fire hazard \nProper brake check and correct use of brakes \nCompliance with airport/taxiway surface marking, signals, and ATC clearances or instructions \nHow to control direction and speed  \nFlight control positioning for various wind conditions \nProcedures used to avoid other aircraft and hazards  \nPositioning the airplane with consideration for other aircraft, surface conditions and wind \nDivision of attention inside and outside the cockpit  \nImportance of following the checklist and responding to each checklist item Reasons for assuring suitable engine temperatures and pressures for run-up and takeoff  \nMethod used to determine that airplane is in a safe operating condition \nImportance of reviewing takeoff performance airspeeds, expected takeoff distances, and emergency procedures \nMethod used for assuring that the takeoff area or path is free of hazards \nMethod of avoiding runway incursions',1.0,2.0,1),(1528,101,1524,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended engine starting procedures. This shall include the use of an external power source, hand propping safety, and starting under various atmospheric conditions \nPositions the airplane properly considering structures, surface conditions, other aircraft, and the safety of nearby persons and property \nUtilizes the appropriate checklist for starting procedure \nExhibits knowledge of the elements related to safe taxi procedures \nPerforms a brake check immediately after the airplane begins moving \nPositions the flight controls properly for the existing wind conditions \nControls direction and speed without excessive use of brakes \nComplies with airport/taxiway markings, signals, ATC clearances, and instructions \nTaxies so as to avoid other aircraft and hazards \nExhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff check. This shall include the reasons for checking each item and how to detect malfunctions \nPositions the airplane properly considering other aircraft and vehicles, wind and surface conditions \nDivides attention inside and outside the cockpit \nEnsures that engine temperature and pressure are suitable for run-up and takeoff \nAccomplishes the before takeoff checklist and ensures the airplane is in safe operating condition \nReviews takeoff performance airspeeds, takeoff distances, departure, and emergency procedures \nAvoids runway incursions and/or ensures no conflict with traffic prior to taxiing into takeoff positi',1.0,2.0,2),(1529,101,1524,'COMMON ERRORS','Failure to properly use the appropriate checklist \nFailure to use safety precautions related to starting \nImproper adjustment of engine controls during start \nFailure to assure proper clearance of the propeller \nImproper use of brakes \nImproper positioning of the flight controls for various wind conditions \nHazards of taxiing too fast \nFailure to comply with airport/taxiway surface marking, signals, and ATC clearances or instructions \nImproper positioning of the airplane \nImproper acceptance of marginal engine performance \nAn improper check of flight controls \nHazards of failure to review takeoff and emergency procedures \nFailure to avoid runway incursions and to ensure no conflict with traffic prior to taxiing into p',1.0,2.0,3),(1531,101,0,'Start, Taxi and Runup','OBJECTIVE: To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s planning and technique in engine starting, taxi and pre-takeoff operations',1.0,2.0,8),(1532,101,1531,'ELEMENTS','Safety precautions related to starting \nUse of external power \nEffect of atmospheric conditions on starting \nImportance of following the appropriate checklist \nAdjustment of engine controls during start \nPrevention of airplane movement during and after start \nSafety procedures for hand propping an airplane \nCarburetor fire hazard \nProper brake check and correct use of brakes \nCompliance with airport/taxiway surface marking, signals, and ATC clearances or instructions \nHow to control direction and speed  \nFlight control positioning for various wind conditions \nProcedures used to avoid other aircraft and hazards  \nPositioning the airplane with consideration for other aircraft, surface conditions and wind \nDivision of attention inside and outside the cockpit  \nImportance of following the checklist and responding to each checklist item Reasons for assuring suitable engine temperatures and pressures for run-up and takeoff  \nMethod used to determine that airplane is in a safe operating condition \nImportance of reviewing takeoff performance airspeeds, expected takeoff distances, and emergency procedures \nMethod used for assuring that the takeoff area or path is free of hazards \nMethod of avoiding runway incursions',1.0,2.0,1),(1533,101,1531,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to recommended engine starting procedures. This shall include the use of an external power source, hand propping safety, and starting under various atmospheric conditions \nPositions the airplane properly considering structures, surface conditions, other aircraft, and the safety of nearby persons and property \nUtilizes the appropriate checklist for starting procedure \nExhibits knowledge of the elements related to safe taxi procedures \nPerforms a brake check immediately after the airplane begins moving \nPositions the flight controls properly for the existing wind conditions \nControls direction and speed without excessive use of brakes \nComplies with airport/taxiway markings, signals, ATC clearances, and instructions \nTaxies so as to avoid other aircraft and hazards \nExhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff check. This shall include the reasons for checking each item and how to detect malfunctions \nPositions the airplane properly considering other aircraft and vehicles, wind and surface conditions \nDivides attention inside and outside the cockpit \nEnsures that engine temperature and pressure are suitable for run-up and takeoff \nAccomplishes the before takeoff checklist and ensures the airplane is in safe operating condition \nReviews takeoff performance airspeeds, takeoff distances, departure, and emergency procedures \nAvoids runway incursions and/or ensures no conflict with traffic prior to taxiing into takeoff position',1.0,2.0,2),(1535,101,1531,'COMMON ERRORS','Failure to properly use the appropriate checklist \nFailure to use safety precautions related to starting \nImproper adjustment of engine controls during start \nFailure to assure proper clearance of the propeller \nImproper use of brakes \nImproper positioning of the flight controls for various wind conditions \nHazards of taxiing too fast \nFailure to comply with airport/taxiway surface marking, signals, and ATC clearances or instructions \nImproper positioning of the airplane \nImproper acceptance of marginal engine performance \nAn improper check of flight controls \nHazards of failure to review takeoff and emergency procedures \nFailure to avoid runway incursions and to ensure no conflict with traffic prior to taxiing into position',1.0,2.0,3),(1536,101,1531,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Progressive Taxis at new airports \nATIS, instrument checks? \nSit on hands until convinced this is not a car \nAirport Diagrams available with Airport/Facilities Directory, &amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Guide to [X] Airports&amp;rdquo;, AOPA, and Jepp Guide \nAirport Security considerations \nRight of way for emergency vehicles with lights on \nRight of way pretty much belongs to everyone else, despite airport regulations to the contrary, &amp;ldquo;dead right&amp;rdquo; is not fun, neither is aircraft damage \nPilots are allowed and encouraged to walk taxi path in non-movement area when departing from unfamiliar location. Many prop strikes could be avoided this way. \nIf unsure, shut-down aircraft and tow with wing walkers. Wing-walker services are usually free from local FBOs. If there is a charge, it&amp;rsquo;s cheaper than repairing the airplane. \nTaxi at a slow walk, don&amp;rsquo;t ride the brakes. If absolutely necessary, slow to a near-stop and then let the aircraft speed up again \nILS Critical Area markings as they apply to the VFR pilot\nIf in doubt, ask for ATC clarification before crossing runway hold short line. \nProgram automation (GPS) either with engine off or in run-up area \nBe aware of surroundings even when programming - runway incursion while programming \nPerform checks of base and final for all runways before taxiing into position at controlled airports \nNTSB thoughts on full runway departures (desired) versus intersection departures (undesired)',1.0,2.0,4),(1537,101,1531,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Progressive Taxis at new airports \nATIS, instrument checks? \nSit on hands until convinced this is not a car \nAirport Diagrams available with Airport/Facilities Directory, &amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Guide to [X] Airports&amp;rdquo;, AOPA, and Jepp Guide \nAirport Security considerations \nRight of way for emergency vehicles with lights on \nRight of way pretty much belongs to everyone else, despite airport regulations to the contrary, &amp;ldquo;dead right&amp;rdquo; is not fun, neither is aircraft damage \nPilots are allowed and encouraged to walk taxi path in non-movement area when departing from unfamiliar location. Many prop strikes could be avoided this way. \nIf unsure, shut-down aircraft and tow with wing walkers. Wing-walker services are usually free from local FBOs. If there is a charge, it&amp;rsquo;s cheaper than repairing the airplane. \nTaxi at a slow walk, don&amp;rsquo;t ride the brakes. If absolutely necessary, slow to a near-stop and then let the aircraft speed up again \nILS Critical Area markings as they apply to the VFR pilot\nIf in doubt, ask for ATC clarification before crossing runway hold short line. \nProgram automation (GPS) either with engine off or in run-up area \nBe aware of surroundings even when programming - runway incursion while programming \nPerform checks of base and final for all runways before taxiing into position at controlled airports \nNTSB thoughts on full runway departures (desired) versus intersection departures (undesired)',1.0,2.0,5),(1538,101,1531,'STUDY','AFM Ch. 2 \n&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 6, 8, &amp; 13 \nPOH/AFM \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo; Ch. 5 \nFAA Regulations, especially 14 CFR Part 91.103 \nIndustry Training Aids \nAOPA ASF Training Courses \nAirport Signs Flashcards \nPassenger Briefing Checklist\nTakeoff Briefing Checklist',1.0,2.0,6),(1539,101,0,'Normal &amp; Crosswind Take-off and Climb','',1.0,2.0,9),(1540,101,1539,'ELEMENTS','TEST\nProcedures before taxiing onto the runway or takeoff area to ensure runway incursion avoidance \nNormal and crosswind takeoff and lift-off procedures \nProper climb attitude, power setting, and airspeed (Vy) \nProper use of checklist',1.0,2.0,1),(1541,101,1539,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal and crosswind takeoff, climb operations, and rejected takeoff procedures \nPositions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions \nClears the area; taxies into the takeoff position and aligns the airplane on the runway center/takeoff path\nLifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to Vy \nEstablishes a pitch attitude that will maintain Vy +10/-5 knots \nRetracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established \nMaintains takeoff power and Vy +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude \nMaintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the takeoff and climb \nComplies with noise abatement procedures \nCompletes the appropriate checklist',1.0,2.0,2),(1542,101,1539,'COMMON ERRORS','Improper runway incursion avoidance procedures \nImproper use of controls during a normal or crosswind takeoff \nInappropriate lift-off procedures \nImproper climb attitude, power setting and airspeed (Vy) \nImproper use of checklist',1.0,2.0,3),(1543,101,1539,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Hand on throttle unless trimming until safe altitude and history behind this. \nTreat every takeoff as a crosswind takeoff. The technique works even if no crosswind. \nOnly way to properly perform emergency procedures on takeoff is to brief actions beforehand \nPre-departure and takeoff briefing to include normal procedure, emergency procedures especially engine failure on upwind climb and selection of emergency landing area and/or use of BRS, sterile cockpit, and passenger responsibilities \nIncreasing aircraft visibility on the runway: Offset from runway centerline at night, landing light on when cleared for takeoff, all strobe lights on when on runway \nClimbs at Vx, Vy, and cruise climb',1.0,2.0,4),(1544,101,1539,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 2, 3, &amp; 5 \n&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 10 \nPOH/AFM \nFAA Regulations \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo; Ch. 2 &amp; 4',1.0,2.0,5),(1546,101,0,'Short Field Take-off and Climb','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s skill and knowledge with short field takeoffs.',1.0,2.0,10),(1547,101,1546,'ELEMENTS','Procedures before taxiing onto the runway or takeoff area to ensure runway incursion avoidance \nShort-field takeoff and lift-off procedures \nInitial climb attitude and airspeed (Vx) until obstacle is cleared (50 feet AGL) \nProper use of checklist',1.0,2.0,1),(1548,101,1546,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a short-field takeoff and maximum performance climb \nPositions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions; sets the flaps as recommended \nClears the area; taxies into takeoff position utilizing maximum available takeoff area and aligns the airplane on the runway center/takeoff path \nApplies brakes, while advancing the throttle smoothly to takeoff power \nLifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or Vx \nEstablishes a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed, or Vx, +10/-5 knots, until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet above the surface \nAfter clearing the obstacle, establishes the pitch attitude for Vy, accelerates to Vy, and maintains Vy, +10/-5 knots, during the climb \nRetracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by manufacturer \nMaintains takeoff power and Vy +10/-5 to a safe maneuvering altitude \nMaintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the takeoff and climb \nCompletes the appropriate checklist',1.0,2.0,2),(1549,101,1546,'Notes for Students:','When planning take-off procedures, you (the pilot) should have a point in mind along the runway in which should the airplane not become airborne that the take-off be immediately aborted. \nAs per the Airplane Flying Handbook, if the airplane exhibits a natural tendency to lift off before reaching Vr/Vx (where required), it is generally advisable to lift off and accelerate in ground effect and then climb at Vx as appropriate. This method is preferable rather than forcing the airplane to remain on the ground as this may cause a &quot;wheelbarrowing&quot; effect and will hinder acceleration and overall aircraft performance. \nThere is no such thing as a &quot;forced take off&quot;- so don&#039;t let a bad judgment call',1.0,2.0,3),(1550,101,1546,'Take-off Procedure (Short Field)','Set flaps as required \nLine up on the runway as close to the beginning as possible (verify winds and hold appropriate crosswind controls) \nHold brakes, smoothly apply full power and verify all engine instrumentation (make sure to keep your hand on the throttle until you are at least 1000AGL), then release brakes and begin take off roll\nMaintain center line with rudder (think feet on the center line, wing into the wind)\nCall out &quot;airspeed alive&quot; when the airspeed needle shows a positive indication\nAdjust crosswind control pressure as required\nIncrease back pressure to rotate at Vr (add 1/2 of the gust factor to Vr  if gusty winds are present)\nPitch the aircraft to maintain Vx \nAfter clearing the obstacle (or at 50ft) reduce pitch attitude to maintain Vy KIAS (USE RUDDER to correct for left turning tendencies), slowly retract flaps \nMaintain the extended center line of the runway by selecting a fixed point on the ground (antenna, warehouse, mountain peak etc.) directly ahead of the airplane \nClimb straight out or depart the airport area with a left 45 degree turn or as otherwise required when reaching above pattern altitude                                                                -For flights remaining in the pattern you may begin your turn to cross wind when you are 300ft from pattern altitude\nAfter reaching at least 1000AGL remove your hand from the throttle and complete your &quot;Climb&quot; checklist',1.0,2.0,4),(1551,101,1546,'Take off Emergency','If you encounter any abnormality prior to rotation and if runway remains, reduce power to idle and stop the airplane!\nIf the engine fails after rotation, immediately lower the pitch attitude to prevent a stall (Vglide), pull the mixture to idle and turn mags off. Land straight ahead. If you are at least 1000ft agl you may attempt to either return to the airport to elect to land straight ahead.',1.0,2.0,5),(1552,101,1546,'Definition of Gust Factor','from FAA-P-8740-49 (On Landings, Part II): The difference between the steady state wind and the maximum gust.\n\nSources for above information: FAA-P-8740-49 (On Landings, Part II), FAA-H-8083-3A (Airplane Flying Handbook), Piper Archer II/Cessna 172Q PIM',1.0,2.0,6),(1553,101,0,'-Soft Field Take-off and Climb','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s skill and knowledge with soft field takeoff and climb.',1.0,2.0,11),(1555,101,1553,'ELEMENTS','Procedures before taxiing onto the runway or takeoff area to ensure runway incursion avoidance \nSoft-field takeoff and lift-off procedures \nInitial climb attitude and airspeed, depending on if an obstacle is present \nProper use of checklist',1.0,2.0,1),(1556,101,1553,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a soft-field takeoff and climb \nPositions the flight controls for existing wind conditions and to maximize lift as quickly as possible \nClears the area; taxies onto the takeoff surface at a speed consistent with safety without stopping while advancing the throttle smoothly to takeoff power \nEstablishes and maintains a pitch attitude that will transfer the weight of the airplane from the wheels to the wings as rapidly as possible \nLifts off at the lowest possible airspeed and remains in ground effect while accelerating to Vx or Vy, as appropriate \nEstablishes a pitch attitude for or Vy, as appropriate, and Vx \nMaintains selected airspeed +10/-5 knots, during the climb \nRetracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended. \nMaintains takeoff power and Vx or Vy +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude \nMaintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the takeoff and climb \nCompletes the appropriate checklist',1.0,2.0,2),(1557,101,1553,'COMMON ERRORS','Improper runway incursion avoidance procedures \nImproper use of controls during a soft-field takeoff \nImproper lift-off procedures \nImproper climb attitude, power setting, and airspeed (Vy) or (Vx) \nImproper use of checklist',1.0,2.0,3),(1558,101,1553,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Hand on throttle unless trimming until safe altitude \nLeave gear on single down until no useable runway remaining \nCheck Aircraft POH/AFM for flaps or gear retraction first \nWalk field first determining ruts, bumps, or other obstacles \nDetermine abort point if not airborne \nThe time to determine takeoff and low altitude emergency landing path and/or points is before the takeoff, preferably briefed again in the takeoff briefing in the runup area \nOnce airplane is moving, keep it moving \nDifferences between grass, wet grass, mud, snow, dirt, dry lakebeds, gravel, sand, and other surfaces.',1.0,2.0,4),(1559,101,1553,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 5 \nPOH/AFM',1.0,2.0,5),(1560,101,0,'Climb and Cruise','So you have made it off the ground and past those trees, power lines, lions, tigers and bears (on my) -  the following procedures will help you make those houses, cars and people below you look even smaller. \nOBJECTIVE: To develop the pilot&#039;s skill and knowledge on conducting a &quot;cruise climb&quot; and to level the aircraft off for cruise flight',1.0,2.0,12),(1561,101,1560,'ELEMENTS','Procedures for performing the climb and cruise checklist\nConducting a &quot;cruise climb&quot;\nLeveling off from a climb\nChanging cruise altitudes en-route',1.0,2.0,1),(1562,101,1560,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the climb and cruise phases of flight. \nBegins to level off from a climb at approximately 10% of the rate of climb as indicated on the VSI\nAllows the airplane to accelerate into cruise flight before retarding the throttle  into a cruise power setting\nUses trim appropriately to help relieve control pressures as required\nCompletes the appropriate checklist',1.0,2.0,2),(1563,101,1560,'COMMON ERRORS','Improper climb speed being utilized\nImproper &quot;lead in&quot; to level off\nImproper use of trim (trim should be used to relieve pressure and not &quot;fly the plane&quot;\nImproper use of checklist',1.0,2.0,3),(1564,101,1560,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Look outside and reference the horizon and outside landmarks to help hold a pitch attitude and heading\nAdjust mixture as required and as recommended by the manufacturer',1.0,2.0,4),(1565,101,1560,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 3 \nPOH/AFM',1.0,2.0,5),(1566,101,1560,'After Departure Climb Procedures','Having just departed an airport, you should already be most likely climbing at Vy. \nAt about 1,000 AGL (or as required for terrain) slowly pitch the nose forward enough to accelerate to the recommended climb speed as published in the POH while keeping full power (control airspeed with elevator control/pitch). Remember to use rudder as appropriate to counter the aircrafts left turning tendencies while at high power/pitch settings. \nUse trim as needed to help relieve flight control pressure\nComplete the &quot;climb&quot; checklist as appropriate',1.0,2.0,6),(1567,101,1560,'Changing Cruise Altitude Climb Procedures','From a level flight state, begin the climb by adding full power. Remember to use rudder as required (high power +pitch = more rudder input)\nPitch the nose up to the desired attitude by using elevator control. Remember, since power is &quot;fixed&quot; to the climb setting of full power, speed will be controlled by pitch',1.0,2.0,7),(1568,101,1560,'To Level-off (Cruise)','Begin to level off at 10% of your vertical speed rate (example: VSI=500fpm, so 10% of 500 is 50. Begin leveling off 50ft before reaching your target altitude)\nOnce in a straight and level flight condition, reduce your power to your desired cruise setting\nTrim away any residual control pressure.  DO NOT use trim to fly the plane- use it to reduce control pressure!\nMaintain heading by looking outside and selecting a visual point in the horizon\nComplete your &quot;Cruise&quot; checklist',1.0,2.0,8),(1569,101,1560,'Notes for Students:','These procedures are for climbs conducted past 1000ft AGL (departure phase) and are generally used for climbing in a manner commonly known as a &quot;cruise climb&quot;\nKeep in mind that you should not fixate on the airspeed indicator but should rather be looking outside and reference the pitch attitude to maintain airspeed with the natural horizon. The actual sight picture will vary depending on the aircraft type, seat position and a number of other factors.',1.0,2.0,9),(1570,101,0,'Descent','To develop the pilot&#039;s skill and knowledge on conducting a descent and to level the aircraft off  from a descent.',1.0,2.0,13),(1571,101,1570,'ELEMENTS','Procedures for performing the descent and descent checklist\nConducting a &quot;cruise descent&quot;\n Leveling off from a descent\nChanging cruise altitudes en-route (descents)',1.0,2.0,1),(1572,101,1570,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the descent phase of flight. \nBegins to level off from a climb at approximately 10% of the rate of descent as indicated on the VSI\nUses trim appropriately to help relieve control pressures as required\nCompletes the appropriate checklist',1.0,2.0,2),(1573,101,1570,'COMMON ERRORS','Improper descent procedures being utilized\nImproper &quot;lead in&quot; to level off\nImproper use of trim (trim should be used to relieve pressure and not &quot;fly the plane&quot;\nImproper use of checklist',1.0,2.0,3),(1574,101,1570,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Most descents can be made from cruise by simply reducing power and using that to control rate of descent\nIn the Archer II you will need to set power to 2500RPM and then descend at 122 KIAS to attain the performance as listed in the AFM\nIf using idle power descents you should briefly increase power every 30 seconds to &quot;clear the engine&quot;\nTo level off from a descent you should use the same 10% of VSI rule as you would for climbs',1.0,2.0,4),(1575,101,1570,'STUDY','AFH (FAA-H-8083A) Chapter 3\nAircraft AFM',1.0,2.0,5),(1576,101,1570,'&quot;Cruise Descent&quot; Procedures','From a level cruise flight position, reduce power and the aircraft will start to descend. Control rate of descent by adjusting power.  The average target descent rate (per the AFH) is -400 to -500fpm\nTo level off from the descent, use the same 10% of VSI rule of thumb as you would when leveling off from a climb. Add power and adjust trim as required.',1.0,2.0,6),(1577,101,1570,'Performance Descent (Archer II Only)','Power 2500RPM\nAirspeed pitch for 122 KIAS\nUse trim as required',1.0,2.0,7),(1578,101,0,'Normal &amp; Crosswind Landing','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s skill and knowledge with normal and crosswind approach and landings.',1.0,2.0,14),(1579,101,1578,'ELEMENTS','How to determine landing performance and limitations \nConfiguration, power, and trim \nObstructions and other hazards which should be considered \nA stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed to the selected touchdown area \nCourse of action if selected touchdown area is going to be missed \nCoordination of flight controls \nA precise ground track \nWind shear and wake turbulence avoidance procedures \nMost suitable crosswind procedure \nTiming, judgment, and control procedure during roundout and touchdown \nDirectional control after touchdown \nUse of brakes \nUse of checklist',1.0,2.0,1),(1580,101,1578,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal and crosswind approach and landing \nAdequately surveys the intended landing area \nConsiders the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, and selects a suitable touchdown point \nEstablishes the recommended approach and landing configuration and airspeed, and adjusts pitch attitude and power as required \nMaintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied \nMakes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the roundout and touchdown \nTouches down smoothly at approximate stalling speed \nTouches down at or within 400 feet beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&amp;rsquo;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path \nMaintains crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing sequence \nCompletes the appropriate checklist',1.0,2.0,2),(1581,101,1578,'COMMON ERRORS','Improper use of landing performance data and limitations \nFailure to establish stabilized approach and landing configuration at appropriate time or in proper sequence \nFailure to establish and maintain a stabilized approach \nInappropriate removal of hand from throttle \nImproper flight control procedure during roundout and touchdown \nPoor directional control after touchdown \nImproper use of brakes.',1.0,2.0,3),(1582,101,1578,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Hand on throttle unless trimming. \nWalk field first, determine abort point and go-around or &quot;roll off end&quot; decision point \nDensity Altitude Makes All Fields Short \nWake turbulence, windshear, collision avoidance. \nLAHSO, runway incursion avoidance. \nTreat all landings as crosswind landings. If there is no crosswind, then, after the landing and rollout one can call it a &amp;lsquo;normal&amp;rsquo; landing. \nWhere are the pitch, roll, yaw, and height cues for landing? \nLeave some power on for initial landing training, slows down round-out, float, and flare process for beginners \n&amp;lsquo;Scaring the runway&amp;rsquo; tactic to practice only round-outs, floats, or flares \nTRIM! \nPart-task training for crosswind correction training - instructor controls rudders or ailerons and power, student controls what instructor doesn&amp;rsquo;t \nWatch for pilot-induced oscillation tendencies, especially in high-wing to low-wing transitions, land on mains first, even if drops in from 6 inches. \nSafe zone is approximately 1-3 feet where stalling won&amp;rsquo;t damage aircraft. \nNo reason to make first turn during initial training -- causes flat spots on tires - let it roll \nStick full aft &amp;lsquo;til clear of runway = no wheelbarrowing or ground loops. \nKeep distractions at a minimum &amp;lsquo;til clear of runway - no checklists or head down until clear. \nREAL pilots use procedures that work every time, all the time, not just when &amp;lsquo;things go right&amp;rsquo;. \nClear of Runway: An aircraft is not clear of the runway until all parts of the aircraft, including tail feathers, are on the other side of the hold short bars, even if that means protruding onto a taxiway. Once clear, stop and complete the after landing checklist, but not until then. While the controllers might use the aircraft crossing the white runway edge lines to launch the aircraft behind you, that is based on your continuing and crossing the hold short bars.',1.0,2.0,4),(1583,101,1578,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 7 &amp; 8 \nPOH/AFM \nFAA Pamphlets FAA-P-8740-48, -49, -50 &amp;ldquo;On Landings Part I, II, &amp; III&amp;rdquo;',1.0,2.0,5),(1584,101,0,'Normal and Crosswind Landings (Procedure)','This procedure is to be used for landing on a &quot;normal&quot; paved strip rom a short field that has a smooth, paved strip (no obstacle).',1.0,2.0,15),(1585,101,1584,'Once on final approach','After aligning the airplane with the runway centerline, adjust the final flap and pitch setting for the required rate of descent and airspeed (add 1/2 the gust factor)\nYou should now immediately be able to detect and correct for any wind drift\nThere are 2 methods for correcting for wind drift... Crab Method or the Wing-low (side slip) method- although a combination of both methods can be used',1.0,2.0,1),(1587,101,0,'Forward Slips to Landing','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s skill and knowledge of forward slips.',1.0,2.0,16),(1588,101,1587,'ELEMENTS','Configuration, power, and trim. \nObstructions and other hazards, which should be considered \nA stabilized slip at the appropriate airspeed to the selected touchdown area \nPossible airspeed indication errors \nProper application of flight controls \nA precise ground track \nWind shear and wake turbulence avoidance procedures \nTiming, judgment, and control procedure during transition from slip to touchdown \nDirectional control after touchdown \nUse of brakes \nUse of checklist',1.0,2.0,1),(1589,101,1587,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to forward slip to a landing \nConsiders the wind conditions, landing surface and obstructions, and selects the most suitable touchdown point\nEstablishes the slipping attitude at the point from which a landing can be made using the recommended approach and landing configuration and airspeed; adjusts pitch attitude and power as required \nMaintains a ground track aligned with the runway center/landing path and an airspeed, which results in minimum float during the roundout \nMakes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the recovery from the slip, the roundout, and the touchdown \nTouches down smoothly at the approximate stalling speed, at or within 400 feet beyond a specified point, with no side drift, and with the airplane&amp;rsquo;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path \nMaintains crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing sequence \nCompletes the appropriate checklist',1.0,2.0,2),(1590,101,1587,'Procedures for Performing a Slip','Start at the recommended approach speed for the aircraft\nAdd full rudder\nControl track with aileron input\nUse pitch to control airspeed\nTo recover fron the slip condition, reduce rudder, aileron and elevator pressure as required to come back to the desired flight state',1.0,2.0,3),(1591,101,1587,'COMMON ERRORS','Improper use of landing performance data and limitations \nFailure to establish approach and landing configuration at appropriate time or in proper sequence \nFailure to maintain a stabilized slip \nInappropriate removal of hand from throttle \nImproper procedure during transition from the slip to the touchdown \nPoor directional control after touchdown \nImproper use of brakes \nFailure to use slip when required',1.0,2.0,4),(1592,101,1587,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Hand on throttle unless trimming until both hands on yoke. \nWalk field first, determine abort point and go-around or &quot;roll off end&quot; decision point \nDensity Altitude Makes All Fields Short \nWake turbulence, windshear, collision avoidance \nUse for obstacle clearances, not for correcting poor planning \nDifferences between a forward slip and a side slip for crosswinds. \nSlipping entry into stall/spin scenario \nCrossed-controls is normal and required for slips. \nSlip effects on airspeed indicator',1.0,2.0,5),(1593,101,1587,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 8 \nFAA Pamphlets FAA-P-8740-48, -59, -50 &amp;ldquo;On Landings Part I, II, &amp; III&amp;rdquo;',1.0,2.0,6),(1594,101,0,'Short Field Landing','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s skill and knowledge of the short field landings.',1.0,2.0,17),(1595,101,1594,'ELEMENTS','How to determine landing performance and limitations \nConfiguration and trim \nProper use of pitch and power to maintain desired approach angle \nObstructions and other hazards which should be considered \nEffect of wind \nSelection of touchdown and go-around points \nA stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed to the selected touchdown point \nCoordination of flight controls \nA precise ground track \nTiming, judgment, and control procedure during roundout and touchdown \nDirectional control after touchdown \nUse of brakes \nUse of checklist',1.0,2.0,1),(1596,101,1594,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a short-field approach and landing \nConsiders the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, and selects the most suitable touchdown point \nEstablishes the recommended approach and landing configuration and airspeed; adjusts pitch attitude and power as required \nMaintains a stabilized approach and recommended approach airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied \nMakes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the roundout and touchdown \nTouches down smoothly at minimum control airspeed. \nTouches down at or within 200 feet beyond a specified point, with no side drift, minimum float and with the airplane&amp;rsquo;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path \nMaintains crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing sequence \nApplies brakes, as necessary, to stop in the shortest distance consistent with safety \nCompletes the appropriate checklist',1.0,2.0,2),(1597,101,1594,'COMMON ERRORS','Improper use of landing performance data and limitations \nFailure to establish approach and landing configuration at appropriate time or in proper sequence \nFailure to establish and maintain a stabilized approach \nImproper procedure in use of power, wing flaps, and trim \nInappropriate removal of hand from throttle \nImproper procedure during roundout and touchdown \nPoor directional control after touchdown \nImproper use of brakes',1.0,2.0,3),(1598,101,1594,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Hand on throttle unless trimming until safe altitude \nWalk field first, determine abort point and go-around or &quot;roll off end&quot; decision point \nChose point of no go-around: where rolling off the end is better than attempting late go-around. \nCheck Aircraft POH/AFM for flaps or gear retraction first \nDensity Altitude Makes All Fields Short \nTRIM \nDifferences between short field no obstacle, obstacle clearance, and short with an obstacle. \nAim for the dirt, how far before runway threshold depends on learned float distance. Practice on runways with displaced thresholds and cooperative controllers. \nBefore choosing short field destination, calculate if able to depart from the short field with expected weather and temperature conditions for departure time \nClear of Runway: An aircraft is not clear of the runway until all parts of the aircraft, including tailfeathers, are on the other side of the hold short bars, even if that means protruding onto a taxiway. Once clear, stop and complete the after landing checklist, but not until then. While the controllers might use the aircraft crossing the white runway edge lines to launch the aircraft behind you, that is based on your continuing and crossing the hold short bars.',1.0,2.0,4),(1599,101,1594,'STUDY','POH/AFM \n&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 7 &amp; 8 \nFAA Pamphlets FAA-P-8740-48, -49, -50 &amp;ldquo;On Landings Part I, II, &amp; III&amp;rdquo;',1.0,2.0,5),(1600,101,0,'Soft Field Landing','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s skill and knowledge with soft field approach and landings.',1.0,2.0,18),(1601,101,1600,'ELEMENTS','How to determine landing performance and limitations \nConfiguration and trim \nObstructions and other hazards which should be considered \nEffect of wind and landing surface \nSelection of a touchdown area \nA stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed to the selected touchdown area \nCoordination of flight controls \nA precise ground track \nTiming, judgment, and control procedure during roundout and touchdown \nTouchdown in a nose-high pitch attitude at minimum safe airspeed \nProper use of power \nDirectional control after touchdown \nUse of checklist',1.0,2.0,1),(1602,101,1600,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a soft-field approach and landing \nConsiders the wind conditions, landing surface and obstructions, and selects the most suitable touchdown area \nEstablishes the recommended approach and landing configuration, and airspeed; adjusts pitch attitude and power as required \nMaintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied \nMakes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the roundout and touchdown \nTouches down softly with no drift, and with the airplane&amp;rsquo;s longitudinal axis aligned with the run-way/landing path \nMaintains crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing. \nMaintains proper position of the flight controls and sufficient speed to taxi on the soft surface \nCompletes the appropriate checklist',1.0,2.0,2),(1603,101,1600,'COMMON ERRORS','Improper use of landing performance data and limitations \nFailure to establish approach and landing configuration at proper time or in proper sequence \nFailure to establish and maintain a stabilized approach \nFailure to consider the effect of wind and landing surface \nImproper procedure in use of power, wing flaps, or trim \nInappropriate removal of hand from throttle \nImproper procedure during roundout and touchdown \nFailure to hold back elevator pressure after touchdown \nClosing the throttle too soon after touchdown \nPoor directional control after touchdown \nImproper use of brakes',1.0,2.0,3),(1604,101,1600,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Hand on throttle unless trimming until safe altitude \nWalk field first, determine abort point and go-around or &quot;roll off end&quot; decision point \nCheck Aircraft POH/AFM for flaps or gear retraction first \nTRIM! \nDifferences between grass, wet grass, snow, dirt, dry lakebeds, gravel, sand, and other surfaces.',1.0,2.0,4),(1605,101,1600,'STUDY','POH/AFM \n&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 7 &amp; 8 \nFAA Pamphlets FAA-P-8740-48, -49, -50 &amp;ldquo;On Landings Part I, II, &amp; III&amp;rdquo;',1.0,2.0,5),(1606,101,0,'Landing Errors and Other Factors','There are many errors that can occur when landing...the information below will help you establish the correct procedure for recovering from such an error. While the information below is procedural based, it does not provide a description of what each error is (for a description please refer to the AFH/AFM.',1.0,2.0,19),(1607,101,1606,'Estimating Height and Movement','During the approach, round-out (flare) and touchdown the pilot should:\nKeep a continuous eye movement starting from a point just above the airplane&#039;s nose down to the desired touch down zone and back\nMaintain centerline and lateral position by using peripheral vision to &quot;look at the edge of the runway&quot;\nLooking too close in-front of the plane will cause objects to blur, looking too far will cause the loss of judgement on height above the ground',1.0,2.0,1),(1608,101,1606,'Use of Flaps','Using flaps during landing can help in a variety of ways: \nProducing greater lift and allowing for a lower landing speed\nProducing greater drag, allowing a steeper descent angle without an increase in airspeed\nReducing the length of the landing roll\nGenerally speaking, flap settings up to 15 degrees increase lift with minimal drag; settings above 15 degrees produce a large increase in drag.\nDifferent manufacturers recommend different flap settings for take-offs and landings with varying conditions- consult the AFM for your aircraft for the official word on the use of flaps.',1.0,2.0,2),(1609,101,1606,'High Final Approach','Lower the flaps and reduce power as necessary\nMaintain the approach speed and steepen the approach path \nDO NOT dive down towards the ground\nIf approach becomes un-stabilized GO AROUND\nLow Final Approach\nAdd power FIRST and THEN increase pitch attitude as required to maintain altitude and reestablish the correct approach path \nDO NOT increase pitch attitude without adding',1.0,2.0,3),(1610,101,1606,'Low Final Approach','Add power FIRST and THEN increase pitch attitude as required to maintain altitude and reestablish the correct approach path \nDO NOT increase pitch attitude without adding power\nDO NOT retract flaps as this will suddenly decrease lift\nIf approach becomes un-stabilized GO AROUND',1.0,2.0,4),(1611,101,1606,'Slow Final Approach','Add power \nReestablish correct approach airspeed and attitude\nIf approach becomes un-stabilized GO AROUND',1.0,2.0,5),(1612,101,1606,'High Roundout','Slightly relax elevator back pressure until the airplane begins to decelerate and descend again. If there is insufficient airspeed then add slight power as required\nWhen relaxing elevator back pressure, do not let the nose down any perceptible amount',1.0,2.0,6),(1613,101,1606,'Low Roundout','Promptly and positively add power \nIf the nose wheel strikes the runway first and bounces the nose upward then execute an immediate GO-AROUND',1.0,2.0,7),(1614,101,1606,'Ballooning/Bouncing/Porpoising','When ballooning/bounce/porpoise is slight: hold a constant landing attitude and gradually decelerate towards the runway - add power as required.\nIf bballooning/bounce/porpoise is excessive GO AROUND IMMEDIATELY and DO NOT salvage the landing!\nCaution should be taken if these errors are experienced during crosswind situations because there will be a tendency to relax crosswind control inputs!',1.0,2.0,8),(1615,101,1606,'Wheelbarrowing','If the &quot;wheelbarrow&quot; effect is slight, apply smooth elevator back pressure to take the weight of the nose wheel\nIf the &quot;wheelbarrowing&quot; effect is significant, GO AROUND\nIf the decision to stay on the ground is made rather than to go-around, or if directional control is lost then raise the flaps\nIf a &quot;wheelbarrow&quot; is mishandled it may lead to a Ground Loop',1.0,2.0,9),(1616,101,1606,'Ground Loop','Apply aileron toward the high wing \nStop the swerve with rudder\nOnly use brakes if rudder authority is inadequate  and do so on the side that is on the outside of the turn',1.0,2.0,10),(1617,101,1606,'Hydroplaning','Release brakes to prevent a wheel lock up\nMaintai directional control with rud',1.0,2.0,11),(1618,101,0,'Go Around','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s skill and knowledge, planning, and judgment for go-arounds.',1.0,2.0,20),(1619,101,1618,'ELEMENTS','Situations where a go-around/rejected landing is necessary \nImportance of making a prompt decision \nImportance of applying power immediately after the go-around/rejected landing decision is made \nImportance of establishing proper pitch attitude \nWing flaps retraction \nUse of trim \nLanding gear retraction \nProper climb speed \nProper track and obstruction clearance \nUse of checklist',1.0,2.0,1),(1620,101,1618,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go-around/rejected landing \nMakes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing \nApplies takeoff (usually full) power immediately and transitions to climb pitch attitude for Vy, and maintains Vy +10/-5 knots \nRetracts the flaps as appropriate \nRetracts the landing gear, if appropriate, after a positive rate of climb is established \nManeuvers to the side of the runway/landing area to clear and avoid conflicting traffic \nMaintains takeoff power and Vy +10/-5 to a safe maneuvering altitude \nMaintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the climb \nCompletes the appropriate checklist',1.0,2.0,2),(1621,101,1618,'COMMON ERRORS','Failure to recognize a situation where a go-around/rejected landing is necessary \nHazards of delaying a decision to go-around/rejected landing \nImproper power application \nFailure to control pitch attitude \nFailure to compensate for torque effect \nImproper trim procedure \nFailure to maintain recommended airspeeds \nImproper wing flaps or landing gear retraction procedure \nFailure to maintain proper track during climb-out \nFailure to remain well clear of obstructions and other traffic',1.0,2.0,3),(1622,101,1618,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Start in practice area, stalls recover to go-arounds, early landing practice are all go-arounds. \nWhat is Balked Landing or Go-Around Airspeed in NORMAL procedures section of the Aircraft POH/AFM? (Vx/Vy \nwith flaps down?) Teach initial climb with flaps down at balked landing airspeed, then to current PTS.\nHand guarding throttle unless trimming \nTRIM! \nWalk field first, determine abort point and go-around or &quot;roll off end&quot; decision point \nDensity Altitude Makes All Fields Short \nWake turbulence, windshear, collision avoidance \nDiscuss flap retraction causing that sinking feeling, what bounce to take it around, and when the go-around is no longer possible \nIf in doubt, go around \nOnce going around, go-around, a landing is not possible. \nWhen cleared to land one is also cleared to go-around, despite any controller heartburn. \nDon&amp;rsquo;t drop the plane to fly the radio, ATC can SEE your go-around, you don&amp;rsquo;t have to tell them immediately. \n5 C&amp;rsquo;s - Cram, Climb, Clean, Clear, Communicate (Cram in power, put the nose on up, gear up flaps up, clear the GPS Suspend Mode as needed, then talk to ATC if needed)',1.0,2.0,4),(1623,101,1618,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 8 \nPOH/AFM Normal Procedures, Airspeeds for Normal Operations',1.0,2.0,5),(1624,101,0,'Postflight Procedures','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s skill and knowledge of postflight procedures.',1.0,2.0,21),(1625,101,1624,'ELEMENTS','Parking procedure \nEngine shutdown and securing cockpit \nDeplaning passengers \nSecuring airplane \nPostflight inspection \nRefueling',1.0,2.0,1),(1626,101,1624,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after landing, parking and securing procedures \nMaintains directional control after touchdown while decelerating to an appropriate speed.\nObserves runway hold lines and other surface control markings and lighting \nParks in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby persons and property \nFollows the appropriate procedure for engine shutdown \nCompletes the appropriate checklist \nConducts an appropriate postflight inspection and secures the aircraft',1.0,2.0,2),(1627,101,1624,'COMMON ERRORS','Failure to follow recommended procedures \nPoor planning, improper procedure, or faulty judgment in performance of postflight procedures',1.0,2.0,3),(1628,101,1624,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Clear the hold short lines, then come to complete stop, then clean up aircraft \nFLAPS -- VERIFIED, and UP! \nREMMM unless person approaches aircraft then Mixture and Mags-OFF \nFACTT for cleanup \nNo passenger deplaning with any propeller turning \nPostflight walkaround, get used to it, you&amp;rsquo;re going to do it every time.',1.0,2.0,4),(1629,101,1624,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 2',1.0,2.0,5),(1630,101,0,'Night Flight','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s planning, technique, and confidence in dealing with night conditions.',1.0,2.0,22),(1631,101,1630,'ELEMENTS','Factors related to night flight \nFactors related to night vision \nDisorientation and night optical illusions \nProper adjustment of interior lights \nImportance of having a flashlight with a red lens \nNight preflight inspection \nEngine starting procedures, including use of position and anti-collision lights prior to start \nTaxiing and orientation on an airport \nTakeoff and climb-out \nIn-flight orientation \nImportance of verifying the airplane&amp;rsquo;s attitude by reference to flight \ninstruments. \nNight emergencies procedures \nTraffic patterns \nApproaches and landings with and without landing lights \nGo-around',1.0,2.0,1),(1632,101,1630,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Physiological aspects of night flying as it relates to vision \nLighting systems identifying airports, runways, taxiways and obstructions, and pilot controlled lighting \nAirplane lighting systems \nPersonal equipment essential for night flight \nNight orientation, navigation, and chart reading techniques \nSafety precautions and emergencies unique to night flying',1.0,2.0,2),(1633,101,1630,'COMMON ERRORS','Not having at least two flashlights, one for the preflight with &amp;lsquo;D&amp;rsquo; cells, and at least one, preferably more, to use in the cockpit \nPoor planning resulting in landing for fuel, and fuel guy has gone home, and/or no credit cards for card-lock fueling \nInadvertent cloud entry \nAttempting night flight after long working day',1.0,2.0,3),(1634,101,1630,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Night emergencies: Turn landing light on, if you don&amp;rsquo;t like what you see, turn landing light off.\nNight conditions can exist in mountainous terrain long before published sunset and after sunrise. \nPreflight if possible during day conditions, walk-around before departure. \nConditions of night flight, is possible for increased fatigue, what are common sense duty day limits for new and experienced pilots? \nFog formation times at sunset and sunrise. Possibility for destination or alternate airports to fog over during twilight and sunrise/sunset transitions \nThree definitions of night: Dark, Sunset to Sunrise, FAA&amp;rsquo;s 1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise for passenger carrying currency \nWear flashlight on lanyard during flight \nDo a complete preflight while daylight, then another before night flight. \nIf flight will last through sunset, be set up for night before departure \nSurvival is more difficult at night, is the aircraft carrying proper survival equipment? \nCFIs: For night landing requirement, encourage student to plan landings at multiple airports, both controlled and uncontrolled. \nNoise abatement procedures and curfews may be in effect at multiple airports, review A/FD before departure. \nCAMI Study on flashlight lens colors, red not always needed by civilians at night. Red also washes out red colors on VFR sectional charts.',1.0,2.0,4),(1635,101,1630,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 10 \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo; Ch. 2 \n&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 16',1.0,2.0,5),(1636,101,0,'BASIC AIRWORK','',1.0,2.0,23),(1637,101,0,'Steep Turns','To develop smoothness, coordination, orientation, division of attention, and control techniques while executing high performance turns.',1.0,2.0,24),(1638,101,1637,'ELEMENTS','Relationship of bank angle, load factor, and stalling speed \nOver-banking tendency \nTorque effect in right and left turns \nSelection of a suitable altitude \nOrientation, division of attention, and planning \nEntry and rollout procedure \nCoordination of flight and power controls \nAltitude, bank, and power control during the turn \nProper recovery to straight and level flight',1.0,2.0,1),(1639,101,1637,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep turns \nEstablishes the manufacturer&amp;rsquo;s recommended airspeed or a safe airspeed not to exceed VA \nRolls into a coordinated 360&amp;deg; turn; maintains a 45&amp;deg; bank \nPerforms the task in the opposite direction. \nDivides attention between airplane control and orientation \nMaintains the entry altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet, airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots, bank, &amp;plusmn;5&amp;deg;; and rolls out on the entry heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;',1.0,2.0,2),(1640,101,1637,'COMMON ERRORS','Improper pitch, bank, and power coordination during entry and rollout \nUncoordinated use of flight controls \nImproper procedure in correcting altitude deviations \nLoss of orientation \nFailure to adequately clear the area before beginning the turn \nAttempting to execute the turn solely by instrument reference \nAttempting to sit up straight, in relation to the ground, during a turn, rather than riding with the airplane\nInsufficient feel for the airplane as evidenced by the inability to detect slips/skids without reference to flight instruments \nAttempting to maintain a constant bank angle by referencing the cant of the airplane&amp;rsquo;s nose instead of the pitch cue \nFixating on the nose reference while excluding wingtip reference \n&amp;ldquo;Ground shyness&amp;rdquo;&amp;mdash;making &amp;ldquo;flat turns&amp;rdquo; (skidding) while operating at low altitudes in a conscious or subconscious effort to avoid banking close to the ground \nHolding rudder in the turn \nGaining proficiency in turns in only one direction (usually the left) \nFailure to coordinate the use of throttle with other controls \nAltitude gain/loss during the turn',1.0,2.0,3),(1641,101,1637,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Same spot on windshield is same point on horizon, pilot will dive or climb trying to keep the nose on the horizon as they rotate around the axis \nPitch cue point on windshield versus horizon directly in front of pilot - not available when looking through side windows \nPower and trim while rolling into and out of turn \nManeuver can lead to a normal fear response, allow the student to be in full control of the aircraft and bank as much as is slightly uncomfortable, and keep working at it until they are able to do the standard plus five degrees comfortably. \nTricks \nLook at the visual reference point. \nCross-check quickly against the VSI. OPPOSE THE MOTION, get it to 0, trim.\nDon&amp;rsquo;t be shy with the rudder on roll-in and roll-out. Keep the ball centered. \nMaintain precise bank angle; small changes in bank create large changes in sink rate.',1.0,2.0,4),(1642,101,1637,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 3',1.0,2.0,5),(1643,101,0,'Rectangular Course','To develop division of attention between flight and ground paths while controlling the aircraft and scanning for traffic; develop recognition of drift; and continue to develop smoothness, coordination, and orientation.',1.0,2.0,25),(1644,101,1643,'ELEMENTS','How to select a suitable altitude \nHow to select a suitable ground reference with consideration given to emergency landing areas \nOrientation, division of attention, and planning \nConfiguration and airspeed prior to entry \nRelationship of a rectangular course to an airport traffic pattern \nWind drift correction \nHow to maintain desired altitude, airspeed, and distance from ground reference boundaries \nTiming of turn entries and rollouts \nCoordination of flight controls',1.0,2.0,1),(1645,101,1643,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rectangular course \nSelects a suitable reference area \nPlans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45&amp;deg; to the downwind leg \nApplies adequate wind-drift correction during straight-and-turning flight to maintain a constant ground track around the rectangular reference area \nDivides attention between airplane control and the ground track and maintains coordinated flight \nMaintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots',1.0,2.0,2),(1646,101,1643,'COMMON ERRORS','Failure to clear the area \nTrying to enter maneuver before establishing and trimming for altitude and airspeed\nPoor planning, orientation, or division of attention \nUncoordinated flight control application \nImproper correction for wind drift \nFailure to maintain selected altitude or airspeed \nSelection of a ground reference where there is no emergency landing area within gliding distance \nFixation on ground (runway) during any configuration changes',1.0,2.0,3),(1647,101,1643,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','How this related to traffic pattern, explain legs as they are flown. \nHave pilot practice climbing and descending while maintaining track, then practice changing aircraft configuration while maintaining track. Watch for pilot to anticipate turn or not correct for left-turning tendencies while establishing a descent at downwind key position. \nCreate a Table of Configurations for traffic pattern and direct pilot to memorize it',1.0,2.0,4),(1648,101,1643,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 6',1.0,2.0,5),(1649,101,0,'S-Turns Across a Road','OBJECTIVE: To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s ability to compensate for drift during turns, orient the flightpath with ground references, and divide the pilot&amp;rsquo;s attention.',1.0,2.0,26),(1650,101,1649,'ELEMENTS','How to select a suitable altitude \nHow to select a suitable ground reference line with consideration given to emergency landing areas \nOrientation, division of attention, and planning \nConfiguration and airspeed prior to entry \nEntry procedure \nWind drift correction \nTracking of semicircles of equal radii on either side of the selected ground reference line \nHow to maintain desired altitude and airspeed \nTurn reversal over the ground reference line \nCoordination of flight controls',1.0,2.0,1),(1651,101,1649,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to S-turns \nSelects a suitable ground reference line \nPlans the maneuver to enter at 600 to 1,000 feet AGL, perpendicular to the selected reference line \nApplies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius turn on each side of the selected reference line \nReverses the direction of turn directly over the selected reference line \nDivides attention between airplane control and the ground track while in coordinated flight \nMaintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots',1.0,2.0,2),(1652,101,1649,'COMMON ERRORS','Failure to clear the area \nFaulty entry procedure \nPoor planning, orientation, or division of attention \nUncoordinated flight control application \nImproper correction for wind drift \nAn unsymmetrical ground track \nFailure to maintain selected altitude or airspeed \nSelection of a ground reference line where there is no suitable emergency landing area within gliding distance \nInability to visualize the half circle ground tracks \nPoor timing in beginning and recovering from turns',1.0,2.0,3),(1653,101,1649,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','How this related to turns in the traffic pattern, and s-turning on final \nDo a go around instead of s-turns? What about in an emergency with no choice?',1.0,2.0,4),(1654,101,1649,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 6',1.0,2.0,5),(1655,101,0,'Turns Around a Point','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s ability to subconsciously control the airplane while dividing attention between the flight path and ground references, and scanning for other traffic.',1.0,2.0,27),(1656,101,1655,'ELEMENTS','How to select a suitable altitude \nHow to select suitable ground reference points with consideration given to emergency landing areas \nOrientation, division of attention, and planning \nConfiguration and airspeed prior to entry \nEntry procedure \nWind drift correction \nHow to maintain desired altitude, airspeed, and distance from reference point \nCoordination of flight controls',1.0,2.0,1),(1657,101,1655,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to turns around a point \nSelects a suitable ground reference point \nPlans the maneuver so as to enter left or right at 600 to 1,000 feet AGL, at an appropriate distance from the reference point \nApplies adequate wind-drift correction to track a constant radius turn around the selected reference point \nDivides attention between airplane control and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight \nMaintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots',1.0,2.0,2),(1658,101,1655,'COMMON ERRORS','Failure to clear the area \nFaulty entry procedure \nPoor planning, orientation, or division of attention \nUncoordinated flight control application \nImproper correction for wind drift \nFailure to maintain selected altitude or airspeed \nSelection of a ground reference point without an emergency landing area within gliding distance \nPilot attempts to perform pylon eight, with the reference point at the same point on the wing \nNot varying rate of change of bank angle, causing variations in distance from point',1.0,2.0,3),(1659,101,1655,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','How this relates to 360&amp;deg; turns on downwind for spacing. \nSteepest bank is directly downwind, shallowest bank is directly upwind',1.0,2.0,4),(1660,101,1655,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 6',1.0,2.0,5),(1661,101,0,'Slow Flight','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s sense of feel and ability to use the flight controls correctly, and to improve proficiency in maneuvers that require slow airspeeds.',1.0,2.0,28),(1662,101,1661,'ELEMENTS','Relationship of configuration, weight, center of gravity, maneuvering loads, angle of bank, and power to flight characteristics and controllability \nRelationship of the maneuver to critical flight situations, such as go-around \nPerformance of the maneuver with selected landing gear and flap configurations in straight-and-level flight and level turns \nSpecified airspeed for the maneuver \nCoordination of flight controls \nTrim technique \nRecovery to cruise flight',1.0,2.0,1),(1663,101,1661,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to maneuvering during slow flight \nSelects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 1500 feet AGL \nEstablishes and maintains an airspeed at which any further increase in angle of attack, increase in load factor, or reduction in power, would result in an immediate stall \nAccomplishes coordinated straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents with landing gear and flap configurations \nDivides attention between airplane control and orientation \nMaintains the specified altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet; specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; airspeed, +10/&amp;minus;0 knots; and specified angle of bank, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;',1.0,2.0,2),(1664,101,1661,'COMMON ERRORS','Failure to establish specified gear and flap configuration \nImproper entry technique \nFailure to establish and maintain the specified airspeed \nExcessive variations of altitude and heading when a constant altitude and heading are specified \nRough or uncoordinated control technique \nImproper correction for torque effect \nImproper trim technique \nUnintentional stalls \nInappropriate removal of hand from throttles \nFailure to adequately clear the area \nInadequate back-elevator pressure as power is reduced, resulting in altitude loss \nExcessive back-elevator pressure as power is reduced, resulting in a climb, followed by a rapid reduction in airspeed and &amp;ldquo;mushing&amp;rdquo; \nInadequate compensation for adverse yaw during turns \nFixation on the airspeed indicator \nFailure to anticipate changes in lift as flaps are extended or retracted \nInadequate power management \nInability to adequately divide attention between airplane control and orientation',1.0,2.0,3),(1665,101,1661,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','How slow flight relates to airspeeds required for landings \nTrim to &amp;lsquo;Hands Off&amp;rsquo; \nMaximum nose up trim is minimum sink speed in several trainers \nWatch the VSI. As the airspeed falls, the VSI will begin a downward motion. Once this happens, add the first notch of flaps. That will cause the aircraft to balloon upwards, but eventually the speed will decrease again and a downtrend will develop in the VSI. Each time this happens add another notch of flaps until you get to full flaps (note the lack of trim change required). \nManeuver can lead to a normal fear response, allow the student to be in full control of the aircraft and slow as much as is slightly uncomfortable, and keep working at it until they are able to do the standard comfortably. \nConsiderations for vertical maneuvering \nPitch to hold vertical speed (VSI, then ALT) and power to modify airspeed while entering slow flight. \nIn maneuver, pitch to control airspeed, power to control VSI then altitude.\nPower changes: adding power slows aircraft, must use pitch to maintain. \nMany pilots have a misconception about the desired airspeed; they think the airspeed is at 1.2 Vs1, +10/-5 KIAS, and it is not. The PTS calls for airspeed right at the edge of stall, in all configurations. In most light aircraft this is slower than full-flaps normal approach airspeed. \nMost people do not take advantage of the natural trim tendencies of the airplane, and they work way to hard, trimming up as we slow down, and then back down again when adding flaps and power. In the end, the net trim change is very small. \nGoal is to be better than minimum FAA standards. Be able to precisely control aircraft in slow flight, up to 30&amp;deg; of bank with a level altitude.',1.0,2.0,4),(1666,101,1661,'TRICKS','This procedure gets you into the maneuver with very little trim change. The downward trim changes caused by the decreasing airspeed are offset by the upward trim changes created by the flaps and power.\nYes it takes longer; that&amp;rsquo;s OK. There is no time limit in the PTS for setting up minimum controllable airspeed (MCA). Don&amp;rsquo;t rush it; that&amp;rsquo;s when you will screw it up.\nOnce in MCA, control airspeed with pitch and vertical speed with power. To change/correct altitude, use power changes.\nExaggerate rudder inputs when rolling the airplane. Adverse yaw is more pronounced at low airpseeds. \nWhen maneuvering, pitch or roll the aircraft very slowly. While the inertia of the aircraft is unchanged, the aerodynamic stabilizing forces are decreased at the low airspeed, and there is a tendency to overshoot pitch and bank changes; especially true in roll, since adverse yaw is more pronounced; roll will be very sluggish. If you ever get it rolling fast, it will be hard to stop it smoothly or close to where you want it. Better to never let it get moving that fast in the first place. \nFor turns, add some power if the bank is greater than 10&amp;deg;. Learn what power setting it takes to maintain 0 VSI, at 1.2 Vs1 and MCA, in 10&amp;deg;, 20&amp;deg; and 30&amp;deg; banks. Remember to take the power back out as you roll out. \nAsk pilot: In MCA, when will the pitch attitude in level flight be higher: MCA in a clean or landing configuration?',1.0,2.0,5),(1667,101,1661,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 4',1.0,2.0,6),(1668,101,0,'Power-on (Departure) Stalls','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s ability to recognize an approaching stall by sound, sight, and feel; familiarize the pilot with the conditions that produce power-on stalls; and to develop the habit of taking prompt preventative or corrective action to recover from a stall.',1.0,2.0,29),(1669,101,1661,'Slow Flight Procedure','Clearing Turns \nExecute pre-landing checklist, hold the flaps for now \nChoose a visual reference on the horizon; point it out and align the aircraft with it \nReduce power (or, in complex aircraft, extend landing gear) \nLarger power reduction make this harder maneuver \nIn most trainer aircraft ~ 1800RPM-2000RPM \nRemind pilot to change rudder pressure for 0 rate of turn \nPitch and trim for 0 VSI, hands off \nWhen back pressure substantial, release tiny bit \nFirst notch of flaps (relieves back pressure) \nMove elevator to maintain level (0 VSI) \nPitch down, then up for zero rate of climb \nAs speed decreases, flaps second setting to relieve back pressure \nAs speed decreases, flaps third setting to relieve back pressure \nContinue backpressure at zero rate of climb until stall \nAdd power (~2200-2300 RPM) that gives level flight \nMaintain pitch at level, rudder for zero rate of roll \nTRIM for zero rate of climb, TRIM rudder at zero rate of roll \nRecover with full power and reversing the process \nComplete Cruise Checklist',1.0,2.0,7),(1670,101,0,'Power-off (Approach) Stalls','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s ability to recognize an approaching stall by sound, sight, and feel; familiarize the pilot with the conditions that produce power-off stalls; and to develop the habit of taking prompt preventative or corrective action to recover from a stall.',1.0,2.0,30),(1671,101,1668,'ELEMENTS','Aerodynamics of power-on stalls \nRelationship of various factors such as landing gear and flap configuration, weight, center of gravity, load factor, and bank angle to stall speed \nFlight situations where unintentional power-on stalls may occur \nEntry technique and minimum entry altitude \nPerformance of power-on stalls in climbing flight (straight or turning) \nCoordination of flight controls \nRecognition of the first indications of power-on stalls \nRecovery technique and minimum recovery altitude \nCOMPLETION STANDARDS\nExhibits knowledge of the elements related to power-on stalls \nSelects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet AGL \nEstablishes the takeoff or departure configuration \nSets power to no less than 65 percent available power \nTransitions smoothly from the takeoff or departure attitude to the pitch attitude that will induce a stall.\nMaintains a specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;, in straight flight; maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20&amp;deg;, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;, in turning flight, while inducing the stall \nRecognizes and recovers promptly after the stall occurs by simultaneously reducing the angle of attack, increasing power as appropriate, and leveling the wings to return to a straight-and-level flight attitude with a minimum loss of altitude appropriate for the airplane \nRetracts the flaps to the recommended setting; retracts the landing gear if retractable, after a positive rate of climb is established \nAccelerates to Vx or Vy speed before the final flap retraction; returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed',1.0,2.0,1),(1672,101,1668,'COMMON ERRORS','Failure to adequately clear the area \nFailure to establish the specified landing gear and flap configuration prior to entry \nImproper pitch, heading, and bank control during straight ahead and turning stalls \nRough or uncoordinated control technique \nInability to recognize and announce an approaching stall condition \nOver-reliance on the airspeed indicator while excluding other cues \nInadequate scanning resulting in an unintentional wing-low condition during entry \nExcessive back-elevator pressure resulting in an exaggerated nose-up attitude during entry \nFailure to achieve a stall \nPremature recovery \nPoor stall recognition and delayed recovery \nExcessive altitude loss during recovery \nExcessive forward-elevator pressure during recovery resulting in negative load on the wings \nExcessive airspeed buildup during recovery \nInadequate rudder control \nInadvertent secondary stall during recovery \nFailure to take timely action to prevent a full stall during the conduct of imminent stalls',1.0,2.0,2),(1673,101,1668,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Beware power on stalls with flaps!!! (Spin) (Stall starts at outboard edge of flap instead of wing root; wing twist is typically insufficient in flaps down configuration.) \nIn some high performance airplanes, the power setting may have to be reduced below the practical test standards guideline power setting to prevent excessively high pitch attitudes (greater than 30&amp;deg; nose up) \nHow this relates to a full-stall landing \nAggressive use of the yoke means an aggressive stall; slower control movements give a gentler stall - let pilot do all slow airspeed work if fearful, gradually going slower or adding more power until able to perform maneuver \nStall is a wing drop, full aft stick, or the nose dropping \nSpin Recovery = PARE (Power - IDLE, Aileron - NEUTRAL, Rudder - OPPOSITE, Elevator - FORWARD)',1.0,2.0,3),(1674,101,1668,'TRICKS','In the set up, use ailerons to hold the wings level and rudder to hold zero rate of turn. \nAt the stall, neutralize the ailerons and do not use them again until the stall horn is off. \nIn the straight ahead stall, hold zero rate of turn with rudder pressure (step on the high wing). \nIn the recovery, make changes in elevator pressure slowly. Once the stall horn ceases, no more forward elevator is necessary. Zero-G recoveries are not necessary. \nAsk Pilot: What (and why) will the steady-state rudder and aileron inputs be in:\nMCA, straight \nMCA, right turn \nMCA, left turn',1.0,2.0,4),(1675,101,1668,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 4',1.0,2.0,5),(1676,101,1670,'ELEMENTS','Aerodynamics of power-off stalls \nRelationship of various factors, such as landing gear and flap \nConfiguration, weight, center of gravity, load factor, and bank angle to stall speed \nFlight situations where unintentional power-off stalls may occur \nEntry technique and minimum entry altitude. \nPerformance of power-off stalls in descending flight (straight or turning) \nCoordination of flight controls \nRecognition of the first indications of power-off stalls \nRecovery technique and minimum recovery altitude',1.0,2.0,1),(1677,101,1670,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power-off stalls \nSelects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet AGL\nEstablishes a stabilized descent in the approach or landing configuration \nTransitions smoothly from the approach or landing attitude to a pitch attitude that will induce a stall \nMaintains a specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;, in straight flight; maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20&amp;deg;, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; in turning flight, while inducing the stall \nRecognizes and recovers promptly after the stall occurs by simultaneously reducing the angle of attack, increasing power to maximum allowable, and leveling the wings to return to a straight-and-level flight attitude with a minimum loss of altitude appropriate for the airplane \nRetracts the flaps to the recommended setting; retracts the landing gear, if retractable, after a positive rate of climb is established \nAccelerates to Vx or Vy speed before the final flap retraction; returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed',1.0,2.0,2),(1678,101,1670,'COMMON ERRORS','Failure to adequately clear the area \nFailure to establish the specified landing gear and flap configuration prior to entry \nImproper pitch, heading, and bank control during straight ahead and turning stalls \nRough or uncoordinated control procedure \nInability to recognize and announce approaching stall condition \nOver-reliance on the airspeed indicator while excluding other cues \nInadequate scanning resulting in an unintentional wing-low condition during entry \nExcessive back-elevator pressure resulting in an exaggerated nose-up attitude during entry \nFailure to achieve a stall \nPremature recovery \nPoor stall recognition and delayed recovery \nExcessive altitude loss during recovery \nExcessive forward-elevator pressure during recovery resulting in negative load on the wings \nExcessive airspeed buildup during recovery \nInadequate rudder control \nInadvertent secondary stall during recovery \nFailure to take timely action to prevent a full stall during the conduct of imminent stalls \nAttempting to maintain level flight during stall entry and recovery',1.0,2.0,3),(1679,101,1670,'TRICKS','In the set up, use ailerons to hold the wings level and rudder to hold zero rate of turn. \nAt the stall, neutralize the ailerons and do not use them again until the stall horn is off. \nIn the straight ahead stall, hold zero rate of turn with rudder pressure (step on the high wing). \nIn the recovery, make changes in elevator pressure slowly. Once the stall horn ceases, no more forward elevator is necessary. Zero G recoveries are not necessary. \nAsk Pilot: What (and why) will the steady-state rudder and aileron inputs be in:\nMCA, straight \nMCA, right turn \nMCA, left turn',1.0,2.0,4),(1680,101,1670,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Stall exercise: At 3000&amp;rsquo; AGL min, have pilot try to stall airplane using power only. Rudder is used to keep wings level, yoke is left alone. \nBeware power on stalls with flaps!!! (Spin) (Stall starts at outboard edge of flap instead of wing root; wing twist is typically insufficient in flaps down config.) \nStall is a wing drop, full aft stick, or the nose dropping \nAggressive use of the yoke means an aggressive stall; slower control movements give a gentler stall - let pilot do all slow airspeed work if fearful, gradually going slower or adding more power until able to perform maneuver \nTricks \nBe very careful with the first flap retraction. People have been killed here. Do not rush it; do not reach for the flap lever at the expense of precise control of attitude, heading or airspeed. In Cessnas, be very careful not to accidentally select flaps UP vs. flaps 20&amp;deg;; this mistake has resulted in fatal accidents. \nKnow the go around airspeed and configuration. Failure to do so may and often has resulted in injury or death. \nThe power-off set-up is from a descent at a normal landing airspeed, it is not a constant altitude entry. \nExpect the aircraft to pitch up aggressively when you add full power. Be ready to put in whatever forward elevator pressure is necessary to hold the aircraft at the desired attitude, then TRIM off the pressure.\nUse NO AILERON IN THE RECOVERY!!! (You spin, you die, any questions?)\nCFIs: Do NOT allow student to develop habit of using ailerons in stall recovery. While trainer aircraft may tolerate the habit, it can be deadly in high performance aircraft.\nHave student practice stall recovery intentionally leaving the flaps down. Flap failures do occur and pilots have been killed here.',1.0,2.0,5),(1681,101,1670,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 4\nFAA Advisory Circular on Stalls',1.0,2.0,6),(1682,101,0,'Demo Stalls and Spin Awareness','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s ability to recognize an approaching stall by sound, sight, and feel; familiarize the pilot with the conditions that produce crossed-control, elevator trim, autopilot induced, secondary, and accelerated maneuver stalls; and to develop the habit of taking prompt preventative or corrective action to recover from stalls.',1.0,2.0,31),(1683,101,1682,'ELEMENTS','Aerodynamics of stalls \nFlight situations where unintentional stalls may occur \nHazards of stalls during normal stall or spin recovery \nEntry procedure and minimum entry altitude \nRecognition of stalls \nRecovery procedure and minimum recovery altitude for: \ncrossed-control stalls \nelevator trim stalls, especially autopilot induced elevator trim stalls \nsecondary stalls \naccelerated stalls \nEffects of crossed controls in gliding or reduced airspeed descending turns \nHazards of inadequate control pressures to compensate for thrust, torque, and up-elevator trim during go-around and other related maneuvers \nAnxiety factors associated with spin instruction \nAerodynamics of spins \nAirplanes approved for the spin maneuver based on airworthiness category and type certificate \nRelationship of various factors such as configuration, weight, center of gravity, and control coordination to spins \nFlight situations where unintentional spins may occur \nHow to recognize and recover from imminent, unintentional spins \nEntry procedure and minimum entry altitude for intentional spins \nControl procedure to maintain a stabilized spin \nOrientation during a spin \nRecovery procedure and minimum recovery altitude for intentional spins',1.0,2.0,1),(1684,101,1682,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','This is a discussion/instructor demonstration item. Pilot should be able to recite spin recovery procedure. If enters an incipient spin during stall training, pilot should be able to recover using appropriate technique (PARE in most aircraft) .',1.0,2.0,2),(1685,101,1682,'COMMON ERRORS','Failure to establish selected configuration prior to entry \nFailure to establish a crossed-control turn and stall condition that will adequately demonstrate the hazards of a crossed-control stalls.\nImproper demonstration of the recognition and recovery from a cross-control stall \nImproper demonstration of the recognition of and the recovery from an elevator trim stall \nImproper demonstration of the recognition of and recovery from a secondary stall \nImproper demonstration of the recognition of and recovery from an accelerated stall \nFailure to present the hazards of a cross-control condition in a gliding or reduced airspeed condition \nFailure to adequately emphasizes the hazards of poor correction for torque and up-elevator trim during go-around and other maneuvers \nFailure to present the hazards of poor procedure in recovering from a primary stall \nFailure to establish proper configuration prior to spin entry \nFailure to achieve and maintain a full stall during spin entry \nFailure to close throttle when a spin entry is achieved \nFailure to recognize the indications of an imminent, unintentional spin \nImproper use of flight controls during spin entry, rotation, or recovery \nDisorientation during a spin \nFailure to distinguish between a high-speed spiral and a spin \nExcessive speed or accelerated stall during recovery \nFailure to recover with minimum loss of altitude',1.0,2.0,3),(1686,101,1682,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','PARE (Power - IDLE, Aileron - NEUTRAL, Rudder - OPPOSITE, Elevator - FORWARD) \nHazards of attempting to spin an airplane not approved for spins \nHow this relates to traffic pattern accidents. In trim = no stall = no spin. \nSome aircraft require use of BRS for spin recovery - pilot should have firm knowledge on when, where, and how to activate BRS, plus, be able to brief passengers on same.',1.0,2.0,4),(1687,101,1682,'STUDY','Stowell&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Emergency Maneuver Training&amp;rdquo; \nPOH/AFM \nKershner&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Aerobatic Pilot Manual&amp;rdquo; \n&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 4 \nAdvisory Circular  61-67 &amp;ldquo;Stall and Spin Awareness Training&amp;rdquo;',1.0,2.0,5),(1688,101,0,'Pilotage and Deduced Reckoning','To become familiar with pilotage and deduced reckoning and how to apply them before and during flight.',1.0,2.0,32),(1689,101,1688,'ELEMENTS','Terms used in navigation \nFeatures of aeronautical charts \nImportance of using the proper and current aeronautical charts \nMethod of plotting a course, selection of fuel stops and alternates, and appropriate actions in the event of unforeseen situations \nFundamentals of pilotage and dead reckoning',1.0,2.0,1),(1690,101,1688,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and dead reckoning   \nFollows the preplanned course by reference to landmarks \nIdentifies landmarks by relating surface features to chart symbols \nNavigates by means of precomputed headings, groundspeeds, and elapsed time \nCorrects for and records the differences between preflight groundspeed and heading calculations and those determined en route \nVerifies the airplane&amp;rsquo;s position within three (3) nautical miles of the flight-planned route \nArrives at the en route checkpoints within five (5) minutes of the initial or revised ETA and provides a destination estimate \nMaintains the appropriate altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet and headings, &amp;plusmn;15&amp;deg;',1.0,2.0,2),(1691,101,1688,'COMMON ERRORS','Guessing at landmarks \nHeading towards first airport sighted instead of using flight planning and navigation log \nBecoming lost \nNot using all navigational tools available. In Southern California or other complex airspaces, need 3 independent navigation methods',1.0,2.0,3),(1692,101,1688,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','6 C&amp;rsquo;s: Climb, Conserve, Charts, Communicate, Confess, Comply',1.0,2.0,4),(1693,101,1688,'STUDY','Sectional Charts \nTAC Charts \nWAC Charts \nIFR Charts \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo; Ch. 1-9 \n&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 14',1.0,2.0,5),(1694,101,0,'Navigation Systems &amp; RADAR Services','To become familiar with navigation systems and radar services and how to apply them before and during flight.',1.0,2.0,33),(1695,101,1694,'ELEMENTS','Terms used in navigation \nFeatures of aeronautical charts \nImportance of using the proper and current aeronautical charts \nFundamentals of radio navigation \nGround-based navigation systems (VOR/VORTAC, NDB, DME, and LORAN) \nSatellite-based navigation systems (GPS) \nGround and Satellite navigation systems (WAAS) \nRadar service and procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1696,101,1694,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to navigation systems and radar services \nDemonstrates the ability to use an airborne electronic navigation system \nLocates the airplane&amp;rsquo;s position using the navigation system \nIntercepts and tracks a given course, radial or bearing, as appropriate \nRecognizes and describes the indication of station passage, if appropriate \nRecognizes signal loss and takes appropriate action \nUses proper communication procedures when utilizing radar services \nMaintains the appropriate altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet and headings &amp;plusmn;15&amp;deg;',1.0,2.0,2),(1697,101,1694,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','IFR Enroute Charts can be used to give absolute intersections \n6 C&amp;rsquo;s: Climb, Conserve, Charts, Communicate, Confess, Comply \nGPS is not end-all solution for navigation \nATC&amp;rsquo;s priority for VFR Traffic and IFR Visual Approach separation\nATC: &amp;ldquo;Piper XXX, state course.&amp;rdquo; Piper XXX: &amp;ldquo;260&amp;rdquo; \nATC: &amp;ldquo;Piper XXX, do you have a GPS aboard the airplane?&amp;rdquo; Piper XXX: &amp;ldquo;Affirmative&amp;rdquo; \nATC: &amp;ldquo;Piper XXX, Turn it off, we&#039;ll bring you home. Fly heading 175.&amp;rdquo;',1.0,2.0,3),(1698,101,1694,'STUDY','Navigation equipment sections and supplements in Aircraft POH/AFM \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo; Ch. 1 \nDon Brown&amp;rsquo;s articles on ATC \nPilot-Controller Glossary \n7110.65 US Air Traffic Controller&#039;s Handbook \n&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 13, 14, &amp; 15',1.0,2.0,4),(1699,101,1694,'COMMON ERRORS','Guessing at landmarks \nHeading towards first airport sighted instead of using flight planning and navigation log \nBecoming lost \nNot using all navigational tools available, in complex airspace, need 3 independent navigation methods',1.0,2.0,5),(1700,101,0,'Diversion and Lost Procedures','To become familiar with diversion &amp; lost procedures and how to apply it before and during flight.',1.0,2.0,34),(1701,101,1700,'ELEMENTS','Recognition \nPlanning \nImplementation \nFollow through',1.0,2.0,1),(1702,101,1700,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion \nSelects an appropriate alternate airport and route \nMakes an accurate estimate of heading, groundspeed, arrival time, and fuel consumption to the alternate airport \nMaintains the appropriate altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet and heading, &amp;plusmn;15&amp;deg; \nExhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures \nSelects an appropriate course of action \nMaintains an appropriate heading and climbs, if necessary \nIdentifies prominent landmarks \nUses navigation systems/facilities and/or contacts an ATC facility for assistance, as appropriate \nComplies with ATC directions.',1.0,2.0,2),(1703,101,1700,'COMMON ERRORS','Attempting to complete new flight plan before heading in direction of new destination \nWaiting to obtain ATC assistance until fuel gages are on &amp;ldquo;E&amp;rdquo; \nFailing to plan for alternates  \nCFIs: Not forcing your students to identify alternate airports for solo flights, including proper endorsements for such',1.0,2.0,3),(1704,101,1700,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Climb, Charts, Conserve, Communicate, Confess, Comply \nMany areas in Continental U.S. have radar coverage, may need to climb to be in coverage and for better ATC communications. \nIf not able to locate self within 15 minutes, get ATC assistance. \nDo not hesitate to use 121.5 and/or declare an emergency before fuel gets low or sun sets \nMake diversion decisions earlier rather than later, however, do not hesitate to divert if needed \nIn diversion, get headed towards new destination sooner, rather than have a perfect flight plan to get there first.',1.0,2.0,4),(1705,101,1700,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 13 \nFAR/AIM, especially AIM Ch. 6',1.0,2.0,5),(1706,101,0,'Basic Attitude Instrument Flying','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s technique, confidence, and respect for basic attitude instrument flight.',1.0,2.0,35),(1707,101,1706,'ELEMENTS','Instrument crosscheck, instrument interpretation, and aircraft control \nInstruments used for pitch, bank, and power control, and how those instruments are used to maintain altitude, heading, and airspeed \nTrim procedure',1.0,2.0,1),(1708,101,1706,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to instrument flying during straight-and-level flight \nMaintains straight-and-level flight solely by reference to instruments using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application \nMaintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet ; heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; and airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots \nExhibits knowledge of the elements related to instrument flying during constant airspeed climbs \nEstablishes the climb configuration \nTransitions to the climb pitch attitude and power setting on an assigned heading using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application \nDemonstrates climbs solely by reference to instruments at a constant airspeed to specific altitudes in straight flight and turns \nLevels off at the assigned altitude and maintains that altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet ; maintains heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots \nExhibits knowledge of the elements related to instrument flying during constant airspeed descents \nEstablishes the descent configuration \nTransitions to the descent pitch attitude and power setting on an assigned heading using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application \nDemonstrates descents solely by reference to instruments at a constant airspeed to specific altitudes in straight flight and turns \nLevels off at the assigned altitude and maintains that altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet ; maintains heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots \nExhibits knowledge of the elements related to attitude instrument flying during turns to headings \nTransitions to the level-turn attitude using proper instrument crosscheck and interpretation, and coordinated control application \nDemonstrates turns to headings solely by reference to instruments; maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet ; maintains a standard rate turn and rolls out on the assigned heading, &amp;plusmn; 10&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots',1.0,2.0,2),(1709,101,1706,'COMMON ERRORS','Improper &amp;ldquo;fixation,&amp;rdquo;&amp;ldquo;omission,&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;emphasis&amp;rdquo; errors during instrument crosscheck \nImproper instrument interpretation \nSlow scan rate \nImproper control applications \nFailure to establish proper pitch, bank, or power adjustments during altitude, heading, or airspeed corrections \nGripping yoke \nFaulty trim procedure \nImproper entry or level-off procedure \nImproper entry or rollout procedure \nThinking these sessions are equivalent to instrument rating and proficiency',1.0,2.0,3),(1710,101,1706,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Hands off yoke \nDo 180&amp;deg; turn, but is not always the best option. Climb? Descend? Combination? \nThis is an emergency \nGet on ground, now! \nWorry about consequences later, after returning back to the planet \nATC can help, but you have to get yourself out of it. \nMove head as little as possible. If have to move the head, do so very slowly while fixated on attitude indicator. \nThe flight instruments MUST be in working condition in order for the student to have a chance at surviving inadvertent IMC. \nDark night, no moon, over a barren landscape or ocean can be actual IMC.',1.0,2.0,4),(1711,101,1706,'STUDY','Hudson&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Instrument Flying Made Easy&amp;rdquo; \n&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 16 \n&amp;ldquo;Instrument Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo;',1.0,2.0,5),(1712,101,0,'Unusual Attitudes','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s skill in recovering from unusual attitudes.',1.0,2.0,36),(1713,101,1712,'ELEMENTS','Conditions and situations that may result in unusual flight attitudes \nThe two basic unusual flight attitudes&amp;mdash;nose-high (climbing turn) and nose-low (diving spiral) \nHow unusual flight attitudes are recognized \nControl sequence for recovery from a nose-high attitude and the reasons for that sequence \nControl sequence for recovery from a nose-low attitude and the reasons for that sequence \nReasons why the controls should be coordinated during unusual flight attitude recoveries',1.0,2.0,1),(1714,101,1712,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to attitude instrument flying during unusual attitudes \nRecognizes unusual flight attitudes solely by reference to instruments; recovers promptly to a stabilized level flight attitude using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation and smooth, coordinated control application in the correct sequence.',1.0,2.0,2),(1715,101,1712,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Hands off yoke. Feet off rudders. \nDo 180&amp;deg; turn. Not always the best option. Climb? Descend? Combination? \nThis is an emergency \nGet on ground, now! \nWorry about consequences later, after returning back to the planet \nATC can help, but you have to get yourself out of it. \nMove head as little as possible. If have to move the head, do so very slowly. \nDefault recovery mode should be a climb as there are no rocks above us in-flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(1716,101,1712,'STUDY','Hudson&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Instrument Flying Made Easy&amp;rdquo;',1.0,2.0,4),(1717,101,0,'VFR into IMC Survival','To give the pilot the skills and judgment necessary to survive an accidental encounter with IMC.',1.0,2.0,37),(1718,101,1717,'ELEMENTS','Unusual attitude recovery \nStraight &amp; Level Flight \nClimbs &amp; Descents \nTurns \nCombination Maneuvers \nWeather conditions for &amp;ldquo;sudden&amp;rdquo; IMC \nMeteorological factors for IMC \nHazardous Attitudes &amp; their contribution to inadvertent IMC \n&amp;ldquo;Western&amp;rdquo; IMC vs. &amp;ldquo;Eastern&amp;rdquo; IMC',1.0,2.0,1),(1719,101,1717,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio communications, navigation systems/facilities, and radar services available for use during flight solely by reference to instruments \nSelects the proper frequency and identifies the appropriate facility \nFollows verbal instructions and/or navigation systems/facilities for guidance \nDetermines the minimum safe altitude \nMaintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet ; maintains heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots',1.0,2.0,2),(1720,101,1717,'VFR Into IMC Survival','THINGS TO REMEMBER\nHands off yoke \nFeet off rudders! \nAutopilot? \nDo 180&amp;deg; turn. Not always the best option. Climb? Descend? Combination? \nThis is an emergency \nGet on ground, now! \nWorry about consequences later, after returning back to the planet \nATC can help, but you have to get yourself out of it. \nMove head as little as possible. If have to move the head, do so very slowly. \nGet instrument rating and remain proficient \nInstruments must be in working condition in order for pilot to have a chance at surviving. \nIf instruments and autopilot are working, get the autopilot on and let that do the 180&amp;deg; turn, climb, and/or descent to get out of clouds. Instructor might want to have student demonstrate following ATC directions to get to airport. \nMust be in hands-off trim at all times, this will prevent the aircraft from going where it should not while pilot figures out and solves the problem while hands off. \nIf pilot needs to grip something, have them grip their knees, NOT the yoke.',1.0,2.0,3),(1721,101,1717,'COMMON ERRORS','Trying to do two things at once \nImproper &amp;ldquo;fixation,&amp;rdquo;&amp;ldquo;omission,&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;emphasis&amp;rdquo; errors \nImproper instrument interpretation \nImproper control applications \nFailure to establish proper pitch, bank, or power adjustments during altitude, heading, or airspeed corrections \nFaulty trim procedure \nGripping yoke \nImproper entry or level-off procedure \nImproper entry or rollout procedure',1.0,2.0,4),(1722,101,1717,'STUDY','Hudson&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Instrument Flying Made Easy&amp;rdquo; \nAOPA&amp;rsquo;s Spatial Disorientation Flyer \nDavid Hunter/FAA Spatial Disorientation Study \n&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 16 \n&amp;ldquo;Instrument Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo;',1.0,2.0,5),(1723,101,0,'Emergency Approach and Landing','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s accuracy, judgment, planning, technique, and confidence when little or no power is available in an emergency approach and landing.',1.0,2.0,38),(1724,101,1723,'ELEMENTS','Prompt establishment of the best glide airspeed and the recommended configuration \nHow to select a suitable emergency landing area \nPlanning and execution of approach to the selected landing area \nUse of emergency checklist \nImportance of attempting to determine reason for the malfunction \nImportance of dividing attention between flying the approach and accomplishing emergency checklist \nProcedures that can be used to compensate for undershooting or overshooting selected emergency landing area',1.0,2.0,1),(1725,101,1723,'COMMON ERRORS','Improper airspeed control \nPoor judgment in the selection of an emergency landing area \nFailure to estimate the approximate wind speed and direction \nFailure to fly the most suitable pattern for existing situation \nFailure to accomplish the emergency checklist \nUndershooting or overshooting selected emergency landing area \nTrying to &amp;ldquo;save&amp;rdquo; the airplane',1.0,2.0,2),(1726,101,1723,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','The instructor shall NOT simulate a power failure by placing the fuel selector to the &amp;ldquo;off&amp;rdquo; position or by placing the mixture control in the &amp;ldquo;idle-cutoff&amp;rdquo; position. No simulated emergency approach shall be continued below 500 feet AGL, unless over an area where a safe landing can be accomplished in compliance with 14 CFR section 91.119 \nBRS activation versus off-airport landing discussion. \nAircraft is expendable; occupants are not.',1.0,2.0,3),(1727,101,1723,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 8 &amp; 16 \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo; Ch. 6 \nAOPA NALL Report \nPOH/AFM \nNTSB Report LAX97FA123',1.0,2.0,4),(1728,101,0,'System and Equipment Malfunctions','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s accuracy, judgment, planning, technique, and confidence in dealing with systems emergencies and malfunctions.',1.0,2.0,39),(1729,101,1728,'ELEMENTS','Recommended pilot action for:\nSmoke, fire, or both, during ground or flight operations \nRough running engine or partial power loss \nLoss of engine oil pressure \nFuel starvation \nEngine overheat \nHydraulic malfunction \nElectrical malfunction \nCarburetor or induction icing \nDoor or window opening in flight \nInoperative or &amp;ldquo;runaway&amp;rdquo; trim \nLanding gear or flap malfunction \nPressurization malfunction',1.0,2.0,1),(1730,101,1728,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to system and equipment malfunctions appropriate to the airplane provided for the practical test \nAnalyzes the situation and takes appropriate action for simulated emergencies appropriate to the airplane provided for the practical test for the following: \nPartial or complete power loss \nEngine roughness or overheat \nCarburetor or induction icing \nLoss of oil pressure \nFuel starvation\nElectrical malfunction \nVacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments malfunction \nPitot/static \nLanding gear or flap malfunction \nInoperative trim \nInadvertent door or window opening \nStructural icing \nSmoke/fire/engine compartment fire \nAny other emergency appropriate to the airplane \nFollows the appropriate checklist or procedure',1.0,2.0,2),(1731,101,1728,'COMMON ERRORS','Failure to recognize the urgent versus non-urgent versus emergency situations \nFailure to use emergency checklist for situation \nFailure to maintain appropriate configuration and airspeed \nPoor orientation, planning, and division of attention \nFailure to continue to fly the airplane, then deal with the problem',1.0,2.0,3),(1732,101,1728,'New Section Title','',1.0,2.0,4),(1733,101,1728,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','If something breaks, will something else be affected by it? \nWhat caused the failure? Is it something simple or something about to become catastrophic?\nWhere there is smoke, assume there is fire, land NOW. \n91.3 allows the pilot to break FAA regulations as needed to meet the emergency \nPost-incident/accident investigation process \nLand as soon as POSSIBLE vs. PRACTICAL. &quot;Possible&quot; is generally understood to be off-airport while &quot;practical&quot; is understood to be at the next suitable airport. However, 91.3 gives the pilot the ultimate authority and responsibility for the safety of that flight and to allow the pilot to make the decision and to do what is necessary to have an in-flight event conclude successfully. If the event was self-caused, there might be repercussions, but &quot;tis better to be tried by twelve than carried by six.&amp;rdquo;',1.0,2.0,5),(1734,101,1728,'STUDY','POH/AFM \n&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 6 \n&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 16 \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo; Ch. 6',1.0,2.0,6),(1735,101,0,'Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s judgment, planning, technique, and confidence in dealing with emergency equipment and survival gear.',1.0,2.0,40),(1736,101,1735,'ELEMENTS','Equipment and gear appropriate for operation in various climates, over various types of terrain, and over water \nPurpose, method of operation or use, servicing and storage of appropriate equipment: \nFire extinguishers, ELTs, water, clothing, inflatable vests and rafts, axes, handheld radios',1.0,2.0,1),(1737,101,1735,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment and survival gear appropriate to the airplane and environment encountered during flight \nIdentifies appropriate equipment that should be aboard the airplane',1.0,2.0,2),(1738,101,1735,'COMMON ERRORS','Fatalistic Thinking \nHazardous Attitudes \nNot planning for climates overflown \nAttempting night cross country flight without flashlights, for flight over precipitous terrain in winter without water or a survival blanket, without knowing if the FBO at destination will be open, if one can exit airport property at night, and/or if there is any transportation from airport to hotel.',1.0,2.0,3),(1739,101,1735,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','More than one emergency at once can and has happened \nSurvival Techniques \nFiling a flight plan causes SAR in 30 minutes after ETA with no contact from pilot \nCrash may not activate ELT, thus check it is transmitting \nHandheld radios \nUsing parts of the aircraft for survival gear \nNot flying in t-shirts and flip-flops in Alaska or over mountains. \nNomex does have a purpose, leather gloves easily accessible, ax to open side of aircraft \nCommon sense, &amp;ldquo;You are the most important survival tool on board.&amp;rdquo; \nPassenger considerations \nEPIRB vs. ELT \nNylon stockings melt in fires. \nEnsure aircraft has 406 mHz ELT. SARSAT stopped monitoring in February 2009. \nPlan flight and on-board equipment to spend night outside in terrain overflown waiting for SAR. \nEquipped-To-Survive has excellent pocket package of survival tools. The single most important item in it could be the signaling mirror.',1.0,2.0,4),(1740,101,1735,'PRIVATE PILOT LESSON PLANS 100','Local Civil Air Patrol Unit can provide more information on survival techniques, local hazards, and how to make yourself more visible to rescue crews. \nGenerally, staying with wreckage makes a more visible target. However, if wreckage hidden by trees, and clearing is easily accessible, make self more visible at clearing \nA halon fire extinguisher is great for putting out fires. It can also be used to deter animals. \nIf possible, practice with a fire extinguisher. A local fire department can offer times and dates for training sessions if/when they are available.',1.0,2.0,5),(1741,101,1735,'STUDY','Supplements to Aircraft POH/AFM \nOperation manuals for any emergency or survival gear \nwww.equipped.org',1.0,2.0,6),(1742,101,0,'Emergency Descent','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s accuracy, judgment, planning, technique, and confidence in conducting an emergency descent.',1.0,2.0,41),(1743,101,1742,'ELEMENTS','Situations that require an emergency descent \nProper use of the prescribed emergency checklist to verify accomplishment of procedures for initiating the emergency descent \nProper use of clearing procedures before initiating and during the emergency descent \nProcedures for recovering from an emergency descent \nManufacturer&amp;rsquo;s procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1744,101,1742,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to an emergency descent \nRecognizes the urgency of an emergency descent \nEstablishes the recommended emergency descent configuration and airspeed, and maintains that airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots \nDemonstrates orientation, division of attention, and proper planning \nFollows the appropriate emergency checklist',1.0,2.0,2),(1745,101,1742,'COMMON ERRORS','Failure to recognize the urgency of the emergency descent \nFailure to maintain appropriate configuration and airspeed \nPoor orientation, planning, and division of attention \nThe consequences of failing to identify reason for executing an emergency descent \nImproper use of the prescribed emergency checklist to verify accomplishment of procedures for initiating the emergency descent \nFailure to clear area before and during emergency descent \nImproper recovery from an emergency descent',1.0,2.0,3),(1746,101,1742,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Useful in a fire situation to be followed immediately by an emergency approach and landing. On fire, get the thing on the ground and get out, NOW, don&amp;rsquo;t bother trying to make the runway from downwind with a cabin fire. \n100 knots puts out fires, if not, 120 knots, if not go faster \nTime &amp;lsquo;til unconsciousness with hypoxia from cabin depressurization \nClear below then go \nSteep spiral over airport \nContinue on to emergency approach and landing. \nAircraft is expendable; occupants are not. \nWhen on fire, leave the thing on the runway and GET OUT.',1.0,2.0,4),(1747,101,1742,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 16 \nAOPA NALL Report',1.0,2.0,5),(1748,101,0,'Power-off 180 and Approach','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s accuracy, judgment, planning, technique, and confidence in an emergency descent.',1.0,2.0,42),(1749,101,1748,'ELEMENTS','Configuration and trim \nEffects of wind and selection of a touchdown area \nThe key points in the pattern \nA stabilized approach at the recommended airspeed to the selected touchdown area \nCoordination of flight controls \nTiming, judgment, and control procedure during roundout and touchdown \nDirectional control after touchdown \nUse of checklist',1.0,2.0,1),(1750,101,1748,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a power-off 180&amp;deg; accuracy approach and landing \nConsiders the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, and selects an appropriate touch-down point \nPositions airplane on downwind leg, parallel to landing runway, and not more than 1000&amp;rsquo; AGL \nAbeam the specified touchdown point, closes throttle and establishes appropriate glide speed \nCompletes final airplane configuration \nTouches down in a normal landing attitude, at or within 400&amp;rsquo; beyond the specified touchdown point \nCompletes the appropriate checklist',1.0,2.0,2),(1751,101,1748,'COMMON ERRORS','Failure to establish approach and landing configuration at proper time or in proper sequence \nFailure to identify the key points in the pattern \nFailure to establish and maintain a stabilized approach \nFailure to consider the effect of wind and landing surface \nImproper use of power, wing flaps, or trim \nAttempting turn to final in excess of 45&amp;deg; and/or at too low of an altitude \nImproper procedure during roundout and touchdown \nFailure to hold back elevator pressure after touchdown \nPoor directional control after touchdown \nImproper use of brakes',1.0,2.0,3),(1752,101,1748,'PRIVATE PILOT LESSON PLANS                                                                          ','THINGS TO REMEMBER\nPower reduction is at key position downwind, not midfield. \nInstructor is responsible for &amp;lsquo;clearing&amp;rsquo; the engine in descent to ensure continued engine operation for any go-arounds. \nStart with 90&amp;deg; power-off approaches.',1.0,2.0,4),(1753,101,1748,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 8',1.0,2.0,5),(1754,101,0,'Aeromedical Factors','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s familiarization of the medical process and aeromedical factors, and to their application to the flight environment.',1.0,2.0,43),(1755,101,1754,'ELEMENTS','How to obtain an appropriate medical certificate \nHow to obtain a medical certificate in the event of a possible medical deficiency \nThe causes, symptoms, effects, and corrective action of the following medical factors&amp;mdash; \nHypoxia \nHyperventilation \nMiddle ear and sinus problems \nSpatial disorientation \nMotion sickness \nCarbon monoxide poisoning \nFatigue and stress \nDehydration \nThe effects of alcohol and drugs, and their relationship to flight safety \nThe effect of nitrogen excesses incurred during scuba dives and how this affects pilots and passengers during flight.',1.0,2.0,1),(1756,101,1754,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of the following: \nHypoxia \nHyperventilation \nMiddle ear and sinus problems \nSpatial disorientation \nMotion sickness \nCarbon monoxide poisoning \nStress and fatigue \nDehydration \nThe effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications \nThe effects of excesses nitrogen during scuba dives upon a pilot or passenger in flight',1.0,2.0,2),(1757,101,1754,'COMMON ERRORS','Thinking one is better able to tolerate conditions than the average human \nNot contacting AOPA Medical Department or AME before taking over-the-counter or prescription medication',1.0,2.0,3),(1758,101,1754,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Colds can cause busted ear-drums and severe incapacitating pain \nUse of AME and OKC for medical questions, including free resources from AOPA &amp; online \nSpatial disorientation can include or cause, or be caused by positional disorientation \nFatigue makes everything worse \nAirsick child passenger might have low grade ear infection \nIf DUI/Alcohol-related arrest, must report to the FAA, NO EXCEPTIONS. Then, the final result must be reported. Consult a competent aviation lawyer in addition to your arrest defense lawyer. \nScuba Network DAN for decompression sickness:  +1-919-684-8111 FREE  or +1-919-684-4DAN (Collect) and http://www.diversalertnetwork.org for more information \nAeronautical Information Manual recommends altitude chamber flights, these are still available. Take a pulse oximeter. \nFAA policy is to preclude flying if on various types of disability benefits, especially Social Security Disability. Long Term Disability benefits may preclude flying, check with AME and document that you checked with your AME.',1.0,2.0,4),(1759,101,1754,'STUDY','&amp;bull; Advisory Circular 61-107A &amp;ldquo;Operations Of Aircraft At Altitudes Above 25,000 Feet MSL And/Or Mach Numbers (Mmo) Greater Than .75&amp;rdquo; (Hypoxia Section GREAT for ALL pilots)\nFAA Regulations Part 63  and 67\nAOPA Medical Information \n&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 16 \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo; Ch. 8',1.0,2.0,5),(1760,101,1754,'Aeromedical','Hypoxia Video (Altitude Chamber)\nHypoxia symptoms with an airline pilot\nAOPA Aeromedical Quiz\nGetting your medical:\n\n-Why another medical?\n-What types of medical are there?\n-What are the standards?\n-How long is it good for?\n-What if I have a disqualifying condition?\nBefore flight:\n-&quot;I&#039;M SAFE&quot; - realistic? AOPA Risk Assessment Tool\nHypoxia (PHAK Chapter 16)\n-Hypoxic: inadequate oxygen supply, as in our breathe-out scenario.\n-Hypemic: Inability of blood to carry oxygen, mostly as a result of inhalation of carbon monoxide (including from cigarette smoke).\n-Stagnant: Poor blood circulation. In aircraft this can happen through G forces or cold.\n-Histotoxic: Inability of cells to use oxygen, mostly from alcohol or drug use.\nCarbon monoxide can come in through the heating system. If you ever smell exhaust, or suspect that carbon monoxide is coming in the cabin, turn off the heater, open windows and vents, use supplemental oxygen if available, and land as soon as possible. CO can stay in the body for 48 hours.\n-Symptoms and Resolution (FAA CAMI)\nHyperventilation\nMiddle Ear and Sinus Problems (and remedy)\nSpatial Disorientation and Illusions',1.0,2.0,6),(1761,101,0,'Aeronautical Decision Making','To introduce the pilot to foundations of preflight, in-flight, and postflight decision-making; risk management; situational awareness; scenario-based training; and developing a safe flying mindset.',1.0,2.0,44),(1762,101,1761,'ELEMENTS','Aeronautical Decision-Making \nCrew Resource Management \nSingle Pilot Resource Management \nHazard and Risk \nDecision-Making \nSituational Awareness \nAutomation Management \nAutomation Competence \nRisk Management \nScenario-Based Training',1.0,2.0,1),(1763,101,1761,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','This basic lesson is complete when the pilot has a basic understanding of a safe flying mindset. The skills will be practiced and improved throughout flight training and in the many years of safe flying to come, thus will never be complete.',1.0,2.0,2),(1764,101,1761,'COMMON ERRORS','Dismissing the entire judgment training as psycho-babble or touchy-feely stuff. \nThinking this doesn&amp;rsquo;t apply to the pilot or instructor',1.0,2.0,3),(1765,101,1761,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','For the CFI: Poor decision-making by the instructor will be copied by the students and with a less successful outcome. Can the two of you really fit into a Cessna 152 with more than 15 minutes of fuel? Should you be flying a non-certified aircraft into known icing conditions? Are squawks to be ignored or left unreported? \nGood decision-making may require a temporary unpleasant outcome such as refusing a flight, losing income, choosing to not be employed somewhere, or missing a meeting. \nToo often the go/no-go decision is based on what is lost if the flight is not made. The decision needs to consider what could be lost if the flight is made (one&amp;rsquo;s life, wrecked aircraft, not ever making a meeting, disability, the family&amp;rsquo;s reaction, the paperwork that may need to be filled out). \nAbsolute safety is an impossible goal, even staying at home in bed has its hazards. Thus flying is an exercise in risk mitigation and management. &amp;ldquo;What if&amp;rdquo; the flight is made and something happens? &amp;ldquo;What if&amp;rdquo; the flight is made and nothing happens?',1.0,2.0,4),(1766,101,1761,'PRIVATE PILOT LESSON PLANS                                                                          ','Several pilots quit flying when they realize they can not have a perfect risk-free flight. These are generally the safest pilots. Thus, all pilots need to know that unique to aviation, they choose their level of safety. Most car accidents are two car accidents. Other than a few mid-airs every year, aviation accidents are mostly single aircraft accidents.\nPilots while flying do not worry about a drunk pilot coming across eight lanes of traffic, being rear-ended by someone talking on a cell phone, or being side-swiped by someone changing lanes at 70 mph in parked traffic. They do need to develop and keep a vigilant eye out for other traffic.\nIn flying, the pilot-in-command is completely responsible for the safety of the flight. There is no greater freedom, nor no greater responsibility.\nGenerally, 40% of fatal general aviation accidents are a result of fuel mismanagement or starvation. 40% comes from the pilots flying into weather for which the pilot or aircraft is not rated. 10% comes from lacking skills. The rest is a mix of maintenance issues, mid-airs, and other odd events. Non-fatal accidents, other than the fuel mismanagement and flying into weather for which the pilot was not rated, are generally skill issues, thus the currency requirements.\nAccident and incident rates increase steeply after 90 days of not flying. \nCRM is not Robert Stack and John Wayne in &amp;ldquo;The High &amp; Mighty.&amp;rdquo; A lot of it is uncommon sense about being respectful, polite, and listening to the other pilot. Flight instructors need to acknowledge and respect student decisions especially when approaching uncomfortable situations such as stall practice. \nSRM is not the pilot is god and the world must bend to the pilot&amp;rsquo;s desires. ATC and especially weather do not always agree with pilot&amp;rsquo;s desires. Rather, the pilot should think of ATC as a resource along with the pilot&amp;rsquo;s training, other pilots, mechanics, the ton of FAA paperwork, and even the pilot&amp;rsquo;s former instructors.',1.0,2.0,5),(1767,101,1761,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 17 \nAdvisory Circular  60-22 &amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Decision-Making&amp;rdquo; \nKern &amp;ldquo;Redefining Airmanship&amp;rdquo; \nRisk Management Documents',1.0,2.0,6),(1768,101,0,'Aerodynamics','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s understanding of basic aerodynamics.',1.0,2.0,45),(1769,101,1768,'ELEMENTS','Principles of Flight \nAirfoils \nForces Acting on the Airplane in Flight \nTurning Tendency \nTorque, Gyroscopic Precession, Asymmetrical Thrust, Spiraling Slipstream \nAirplane Stability \nAdverse Yaw \nOverbanking Tendency \nLoads and Load Factors \nWake Turbulence',1.0,2.0,1),(1770,101,1768,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','This lesson is complete when the pilot demonstrates a basic understanding of the aerodynamics of maneuvering flight during oral quizzing and completion of homework exercises.',1.0,2.0,2),(1771,101,1768,'COMMON ERRORS','Aerodynamics Quiz: \nPitch controls [altitude/airspeed], power controls [altitude/airspeed] \n[T/F] Maneuvering Speed is the same at all weights \n[T/F] As altitude increases, Vy increases \n[T/F] As altitude increases, Vx decreases \n[T/F] With flaps and/or gear down Vx and Vy remains the same \n[T/F] Power changes made hands off only change vertical speed \n[T/F] Power changes do not affect trim \n[T/F] Painting a control surface does not affect the handling characteristics of an aircraft \n[T/F] Aircraft loaded aft of CG limit requires constant elevator pressure to prevent a climb. \n[T/F] An aircraft loses airspeed when turned downwind \n[T/F] Carrying extra speed on final is a good idea \n[T/F] With flaps down, the stalling angle of attack is higher. \n[T/F] There&amp;rsquo;s nothing wrong with using ailerons to recover from a wing drop in a stall. \n[T/F] Dihedral rolls the aircraft back to level',1.0,2.0,3),(1772,101,1768,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Truths: \nBoth control both \nManeuvering Speed decreases as weight decreases \nAs altitude increases, Vy decreases \nAs altitude increases, Vx increases \nWith flaps and/or gear down, Vx and Vy are both lower \nMost single-engine piston aircraft will reduce airspeed and start climbing with a power increase and gain airspeed and start descending with a power decrease. It depends on tail structure and engine placement. \nPropeller slipstream wash change affects trim. \nPaint can severely change control balance, flutter resistance, and can cause a bad day \nAircraft loaded aft of CG limit may still be trimmed for level flight, but has other problems including negative static stability \nAn aircraft will lose groundspeed, not airspeed, when turned downwind. \nCarrying extra speed on final may not be a good idea as the aircraft will float longer as compared to being at Vref. If the pilot forces the aircraft to land, wheelbarrowing, bouncing, ballooning, and porpoising, and loss of directional control may result \nWith flaps down, the stalling angle of attack is lower, and stalls will start at outboard flap edge, not wing root. \nUsing ailerons to recover from a wing drop in a stall can cause a spin due to adverse yaw. \nWing dihedral causes an aircraft to roll away from a slip and does nothing to correct a coordinated shallow turn  \nWake Turbulence: A Twin Otter can roll a Piper Arrow. A B737 can roll a B737. A &amp;lsquo;Heavy&amp;rsquo; airliner can force a light aircraft out of the sky from 1000&amp;rsquo; AGL. Refer to NTSB report LAX00LA035 for more examples.',1.0,2.0,4),(1773,101,1768,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 2, 3, &amp; 4 \nFAA&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Wake Turbulence Training Aid&amp;rdquo; \nKershner&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Advanced Pilot Manual&amp;rdquo; \n&amp;ldquo;Aerodynamics for Naval Aviators&amp;rdquo; \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo; Ch. 7',1.0,2.0,5),(1774,101,1768,'Topics to Cover','-4 Forces (abrev)\n-Axis of an Aircraft\n   -Thrust\n   -Weight\n      -Load Factor\n   -Drag\n   -Lift (L/D Ratio)\n       -AOA\n      -Newton, Bernoulli \nOptional Addition- Region of Reversed Command (performance-PHAK 10)\n   -Vortices\n   -Ground Effect\n-Moment and Moment Arm (W&amp;B)\n-Aircraft Design Characteristics\n  -Definitions\n   -Stability \n   -Maneuverability\n   -Controllability\n   -Static and Dynamic Stability\n   -Longitudinal Stability\n   -Dihedral\n   -Vertical Stability\n-Forces in Climbs\n-Forces in Turns\n-Forces in Descents\n-Stalls\n-Propeller\n   -Left turning tendencies',1.0,2.0,6),(1775,101,0,'Airframe','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s understanding of basic aerodynamics.',1.0,2.0,46),(1776,101,1775,'ELEMENTS','Principles of Flight \nAirfoils \nForces Acting on the Airplane in Flight \nTurning Tendency \nTorque, Gyroscopic Precession, Asymmetrical Thrust, Spiraling Slipstream \nAirplane Stability \nAdverse Yaw \nOverbanking Tendency \nLoads and Load Factors \nWake Turbulence',1.0,2.0,1),(1777,101,1775,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','This lesson is complete when the pilot demonstrates a basic understanding of the aerodynamics of maneuvering flight during oral quizzing and completion of homework exercises.',1.0,2.0,2),(1778,101,1775,'COMMON ERRORS','Aerodynamics Quiz: \nPitch controls [altitude/airspeed], power controls [altitude/airspeed] \n[T/F] Maneuvering Speed is the same at all weights \n[T/F] As altitude increases, Vy increases \n[T/F] As altitude increases, Vx decreases \n[T/F] With flaps and/or gear down Vx and Vy remains the same \n[T/F] Power changes made hands off only change vertical speed \n[T/F] Power changes do not affect trim \n[T/F] Painting a control surface does not affect the handling characteristics of an aircraft \n[T/F] Aircraft loaded aft of CG limit requires constant elevator pressure to prevent a climb. \n[T/F] An aircraft loses airspeed when turned downwind \n[T/F] Carrying extra speed on final is a good idea \n[T/F] With flaps down, the stalling angle of attack is higher. \n[T/F] There&amp;rsquo;s nothing wrong with using ailerons to recover from a wing drop in a stall. \n[T/F] Dihedral rolls the aircraft back to level',1.0,2.0,3),(1779,101,1775,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Truths: \nBoth control both \nFalse. Maneuvering Speed decreases as weight decreases \nFalse. As altitude increases, Vy decreases \nFalse. As altitude increases, Vx increases \nFalse. With flaps and/or gear down, Vx and Vy are both lower \nFalse. Most single-engine piston aircraft will reduce airspeed and start climbing with a power increase and gain airspeed and start descending with a power decrease. It depends on tail structure and engine placement. \nFalse. Propeller slipstream wash change affects trim. \nFalse. Paint can severely change control balance, flutter resistance, and can cause a bad day \nFalse. Aircraft loaded aft of CG limit may still be trimmed for level flight, but has other problems including negative static stability \nFalse. An aircraft will lose groundspeed, not airspeed, when turned downwind. \nFalse. Carrying extra speed on final may not be a good idea as the aircraft will float longer as compared to being at Vref. If the pilot forces the aircraft to land, wheelbarrowing, bouncing, ballooning, and porpoising, and loss of directional control may result \nFalse. With flaps down, the stalling angle of attack is lower, and stalls will start at outboard flap edge, not wing root. \nFalse. Using ailerons to recover from a wing drop in a stall can cause a spin due to adverse yaw. \nFalse. Wing dihedral causes an aircraft to roll away from a slip and does nothing to correct a coordinated shallow turn \nMany CFIs do not understand the above. Students can use the above list for selecting a CFI. \nWake Turbulence: A Twin Otter can roll a Piper Arrow. A B737 can roll a B737. A &amp;lsquo;Heavy&amp;rsquo; airliner can force a light aircraft out of the sky from 1000&amp;rsquo; AGL. Refer to NTSB report LAX00LA035 for more examples.',1.0,2.0,4),(1780,101,1775,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 2, 3, &amp; 4 \nFAA&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Wake Turbulence Training Aid&amp;rdquo; \nKershner&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Advanced Pilot Manual&amp;rdquo; \n&amp;ldquo;Aerodynamics for Naval Aviators&amp;rdquo; \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo; Ch. 7',1.0,2.0,5),(1781,101,0,'Powerplant','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s judgment, planning, technique, and understanding of operation and use of the engine and related systems.',1.0,2.0,47),(1782,101,1781,'ELEMENTS','Reciprocating Engines \nInduction Systems \nSupercharging and Turbocharging \nIgnition Systems \nFuel Systems \nRefueling \nOil Systems \nCooling Systems \nExhaust Systems \nEngine Indicating Systems \nEGT \nCHT \nOil Temp \nOil Press \nPropeller \nConstant speed \nFixed pitch \nClimb \nCruise \nDiesel Engines \nTurbine Engines \nRadial Engines',1.0,2.0,1),(1783,101,1781,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','This lesson is complete when the pilot demonstrates a basic understanding of the powerplant and related systems during oral quizzing.',1.0,2.0,2),(1784,101,1781,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Basic principle of piston engines: &amp;ldquo;Suck, squeeze, bang, blow.&amp;rdquo; \nMany pilots have never seen the Engine Operating Handbook (EOH), though POH trumps EOH \nUse actual aircraft engine, preferably the training aircraft when uncowled during an oil change \nScenarios: \nHigh EGT &amp; Oil Temp during climb \nLow oil pressure with rising oil temperature - set timer for 2 minutes then give student scenario, at end of two minutes engine has failed \nOne high CHT that jumps high then low (probe failure) \nSudden engine vibration - EGTs/CHTs normal \nEngine failure on takeoff (requires before takeoff briefing every time, all the time) \nSudden prop overspeed \nIntroduce Powerplant Maintenance Logbook and entries required for airworthiness \nIntroduce Propeller Maintenance Logbook and entries required \nIntroduce maintenance shop and mechanics as resource for questions or items that come up during preflight.',1.0,2.0,3),(1785,101,1781,'STUDY','POH/AFM \nEngine Operating Handbook \n&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 6 &amp; 8 \n&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 11, 12, 14, &amp; 15',1.0,2.0,4),(1786,101,0,'Aircraft Systems','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s accuracy, judgment, planning, technique, and confidence in dealing with normal operations of aircraft systems.',1.0,2.0,48),(1787,101,1786,'ELEMENTS','Primary flight controls and trim \nFlaps, leading edge devices, and spoilers \nPowerplant and propeller \nLanding gear \nFuel, oil, and hydraulic \nElectrical \nAvionics \nPitot static, vacuum/pressure and associated instruments \nEnvironmental \nDeicing and anti-icing \nBallistic Parachute System (BRS) \nSeat Belt Airbags',1.0,2.0,1),(1788,101,1786,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the operation of systems on the airplane provided for the flight test by explaining the following systems: \nPrimary flight controls and trim \nFlaps, leading edge devices, and spoilers \nPowerplant and propeller \nLanding gear \nFuel, oil, and hydraulic \nElectrical \nAvionics \nPitot-static vacuum/pressure and associated flight instruments \nEnvironmental \nDeicing and anti-icing',1.0,2.0,2),(1789,101,1786,'COMMON ERRORS','Allowing system usage to distract from flying aircraft \nMaking go/no-go decisions on emergency equipment aboard aircraft',1.0,2.0,3),(1790,101,1786,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Research shows pilots with firm understanding of aircraft systems performed better and made better decisions in emergency situations \nProject POH/AFM System Diagram on Dry-Erase Board, then use markers to highlight flow of fluids, air, or whatever through the system being discussed. On electrical diagrams, circle important switches as they change.',1.0,2.0,4),(1791,101,1786,'STUDY','Aircraft POH/AFM \n&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 6 \n&amp;ldquo;Airplane Flying Handbook&amp;rdquo; Ch. 2 &amp; 11',1.0,2.0,5),(1792,101,0,'Regulations','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s understanding of aviation regulations and consequences of failing to comply.',1.0,2.0,49),(1793,101,1792,'ELEMENTS','Availability and method of revision of 14 CFR parts 1, 61, 91; TSA; and NTSB part 830 including:\nPurpose \nGeneral content \nAvailability of flight information publications, advisory circulars, practical test standards, pilot operating handbooks, and FAA-approved airplane flight manuals including: \nAvailability \nPurpose \nGeneral content',1.0,2.0,1),(1794,101,1792,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of federal, state, and local aviation regulations \nComplies with regulations',1.0,2.0,2),(1795,101,1792,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','&amp;lsquo;Tis better to be tried by twelve than carried by six \nExplain FAA enforcement process, NTSB incident/accident investigation process, NASA ASRS program, insurance and career effects, and insurance availability \nPolicy vs. regulation, and careless &amp; reckless operation \nFAA Remedial Training Program \nWINGS Program \nPilots need to know how to use Table of Contents to find Regulations in FAR/AIM\nc  Airspace is the number one violation of a VFR Pilot\nOnly FAA National Legal Counsel Written Interpretations will hold up in FAA Enforcement Proceedings.',1.0,2.0,3),(1796,101,1792,'STUDY','FAA, NTSB, EPA, state, and local aviation regulations \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo;',1.0,2.0,4),(1797,101,0,'Performance and Limitations','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s understanding of aircraft performance and skill with performance calculations.',1.0,2.0,50),(1798,101,1797,'ELEMENTS','Pitot-Static \nAirspeed Indicator \nAltimeter \nVertical Speed Indicator \nGyroscopic \nAttitude Indicator \nHeading Indicator \nTurn Coordinator and Ball \nMagnetic Compass \nElectric \nAttitude Indicator \nHorizontal Situation Indicator \nPrimary Flight Display \nAir Data Computer \nAltitude Heading Reference System',1.0,2.0,1),(1799,101,1797,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','This lesson is complete when the pilot demonstrates a basic understanding of the flight instruments and related systems during oral quizzing.',1.0,2.0,2),(1800,101,1797,'COMMON ERRORS','Failure to maintain aircraft instruments \nAccepting aircraft with instrument problems',1.0,2.0,3),(1801,101,1797,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Compass Issues \nVariation \nDeviation \nMagnetic Dip \nOscillation \nNortherly Turning Error \nCold/Hot Story \n(UNOS) Undershoot North, Overshoot South \nAcceleration/Deceleration \n(ANDS) Accelerate North, Decelerate South \nPaper Cup \nLead and Lag in the A.I. \nStep on the ball \nCalibrated Leak on the VSI \nPFD and backup instruments \nMEMS/AHRS vs. Gyros vs. Magnetic Fields \nFlight Instruments MUST be working to survive spatial disorientation \nT.C. has dampening, over and under dampening can be fatal. \nPFD in general aviation aircraft are susceptible to pitot-static failures.',1.0,2.0,4),(1802,101,1797,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 7',1.0,2.0,5),(1803,101,0,'Regulations','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s understanding of aviation regulations and consequences of failing to comply.',1.0,2.0,51),(1804,101,1803,'ELEMENTS','Availability and method of revision of 14 CFR parts 1, 61, 91; TSA; and NTSB part 830 including:\nPurpose \nGeneral content \nAvailability of flight information publications, advisory circulars, practical test standards, pilot operating handbooks, and FAA-approved airplane flight manuals including: \nAvailability \nPurpose \nGeneral content',1.0,2.0,1),(1805,101,1803,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of federal, state, and local aviation regulations \nComplies with regulations',1.0,2.0,2),(1806,101,1803,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','&amp;lsquo;Tis better to be tried by twelve than carried by six \nExplain FAA enforcement process, NTSB incident/accident investigation process, NASA ASRS program, insurance and career effects, and insurance availability \nPolicy vs. regulation, and careless &amp; reckless operation \nFAA Remedial Training Program \nWINGS Program \nPilots need to know how to use Table of Contents to find Regulations in FAR/AIM\nc  Airspace is the number one violation of a VFR Pilot\nOnly FAA National Legal Counsel Written Interpretations will hold up in FAA Enforcement Proceedings.',1.0,2.0,3),(1807,101,1803,'STUDY','FAA, NTSB, EPA, state, and local aviation regulations \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo;',1.0,2.0,4),(1808,101,0,'Certificates and Documents','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s skill in determining basic paperwork requirements for pilot and aircraft.',1.0,2.0,52),(1809,101,1808,'ELEMENTS','The training requirements for the solo endorsement \nThe training requirements for the solo cross-country endorsement \nThe training requirements for the issuance of a private pilot certificate \nThe privileges and limitations of pilot certificates and ratings at pilot and private levels \nClass and duration of medical certificates \nRecent pilot flight experience requirements \nRequired entries in pilot logbook or flight record',1.0,2.0,1),(1810,101,1808,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to certificates and documents by explaining: \nPrivate pilot certificate privileges, limitations, and recent flight experience requirements \nMedical certificate class and duration \nPilot logbook or flight records \nLocating and explaining: \nAirworthiness and registration certificates \nOperating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and POH/AFM \nWeight and balance data and equipment list',1.0,2.0,2),(1811,101,1808,'COMMON ERRORS','Removing required paperwork from aircraft \nLack of knowledge about required Aircraft POH/AFM supplements \nDetermining aircraft is airworthy with missing papers from Aircraft POH/AFM \n&amp;lsquo;Forgetting&amp;rsquo; medical or pilot currency requirements',1.0,2.0,3),(1812,101,1808,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Schedule reminders about solo endorsement expiration, flight review requirement, medical expiration date, and other currency requirements in pilot&amp;rsquo;s scheduling system. (PDA/Dayplanner) \nPlacards are required.',1.0,2.0,4),(1813,101,1808,'STUDY','14 CFR part 61 \nAdvisory Circular 61-65E \n&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 8',1.0,2.0,5),(1814,101,0,'Airworthiness','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s understanding of basic airworthiness requirements for the airplane.',1.0,2.0,53),(1815,101,1814,'ELEMENTS','Required instruments and equipment for day/night VFR \nProcedures and limitations for determining airworthiness of the airplane with inoperative instruments and equipment with and without a minimum equipment list (MEL) \nRequirements and procedures for obtaining a special flight permit \nAirworthiness directives, maintenance/ inspection requirements, compliance and appropriate records \nProcedures for deferring maintenance on aircraft without an approved MEL \nDifference between MMEL, MEL, and Kinds of Operation Equipment List \nHow to obtain MEL/MMEL for aircraft S/N',1.0,2.0,1),(1816,101,1814,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airworthiness requirements by explaining: \nRequired instruments and equipment for day/night VFR \nProcedures and limitations for determining airworthiness of the airplane with inoperative instruments and equipment with and without an MEL \nRequirements and procedures for obtaining a special flight permit \nLocating and explaining: \nAirworthiness directives \nCompliance records \nMaintenance/inspection requirements \nAppropriate record keeping',1.0,2.0,2),(1817,101,1814,'COMMON ERRORS','Starting aircraft document search from first entry instead of last entry \nInability to determine required aircraft inspections \nAssuming all aircraft have MELs \nNot able to use Kinds of Operation Equipment List in accordance with FAA Regulations \nFailure to understand MEL requirement in large or turbine-powered aircraft and its relation to 91.203 (All things must work in large/turbine unless has MEL) \nThinking reporting squawks is a bad thing or causing &quot;trouble&quot; \nThinking asking to see aircraft maintenance logbooks is a bad thing or &quot;causing trouble&quot; \nThinking that because a commercial operation or flying club gave you the keys for the aircraft, the aircraft is in compliance with all inspections. There is no &quot;right of reliance.&quot;',1.0,2.0,3),(1818,101,1814,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','ALL placards are required, no excuses for PIC \nEasy replacement by copying and taping missing placard from Section 2 of Aircraft POH/AFM or Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS) \nOwner/Operator PRIMARILY responsible for airworthiness \nHave student READ airworthiness &amp; registration certificates \nINOP scenarios: transponder, one strobe light, alternator, missing baggage door placard \nRequiring rental outfits and flying clubs to keep aircraft in airworthy condition, have all required placards legible, and maintenance logbooks available for review is not causing trouble, it&amp;rsquo;s REQUIRED! \nReporting squawks allows outfits to get those squawks repaired. Not reporting squawks can put your certificates and life in jeopardy, along with others. What about the next renter, possibly a student? \nWhat is the school&amp;rsquo;s, rental outfit&amp;rsquo;s, or flying club&amp;rsquo;s process for reporting grounding squawks? \nMany places have a sheet for squawks, do they have a sheet for non-squawk cosmetic items such as ink marks in the upholstery, rips in fabric, or cracked plastics? \nThe maintenance is not complete until the mechanic&amp;rsquo;s signature on the proper entry is in the appropriate aircraft maintenance logbook. It is not okay to fly based on a phone call from the mechanic, or a conversation in which the mechanic states &quot;it&amp;rsquo;s done&quot; \nMissing compass correction card is easy FAA violation \nSafety of Flight Issues vs. Paperwork Issues, both grounding.',1.0,2.0,4),(1819,101,1814,'STUDY','14 CFR part 43 \n14 CFR part 91 \nTCDS for training aircraft \nPOH/AFM \nAirworthiness Summary (see appendix) \n&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 8',1.0,2.0,5),(1820,101,0,'Weather Information','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s understanding and skill in reading and interpreting weather information.',1.0,2.0,54),(1821,101,1820,'ELEMENTS','Importance of a thorough preflight weather briefing \nVarious means and sources of obtaining weather information \nUse of real time weather reports, forecasts, and charts \nIn-flight weather advisories \nRecognition of aviation weather hazards to include wind shear \nFactors to be considered in making a &amp;ldquo;go/no-go&amp;rdquo; decision',1.0,2.0,1),(1822,101,1820,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to weather information by analyzing weather reports, charts, and forecasts from various sources with emphasis on&amp;mdash; \nMETAR, TAF, and FA \nSurface analysis chart \nRadar summary chart \nWinds and temperature aloft chart \nSignificant weather prognostic charts \nConvective outlook chart \nAWOS, ASOS, and ATIS reports \nMakes a competent &amp;ldquo;go/no-go&amp;rdquo; decision based on available weather information',1.0,2.0,2),(1823,101,1820,'COMMON ERRORS','Expecting weather to remain stable \nUsing TAF for area weather \nAccepting weather and &amp;ldquo;VFR Not Recommended&amp;rdquo; reports without question',1.0,2.0,3),(1824,101,1820,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Check weather for airports in direction from which storm is coming, thus allowing preview of potential weather for destination and departure airports. \nPotential sources for weather information online \nXM Weather vs. FAA Approved Weather \nWeather Briefing from FSS, DUATs, or other approved sources \nSelf-briefing contents \nPractice briefings are acceptable \nSources of NOTAMs vs. FSS vs. TFRs vs. FAA Violations \nCFIs: Give students a scenario where both departure and destination airports are VFR, but there is a cold front between the departure and destination airports',1.0,2.0,4),(1825,101,1820,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Aviation Weather&amp;rdquo; Advisory Circular  00-6A \n&amp;ldquo;Aviation Weather Services&amp;rdquo; Advisory Circular 00-45F \nJeppesen&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Aviation Weather&amp;rdquo; \n&amp;ldquo;Meteorology Today&amp;rdquo; \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo; Ch. 7 \n&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 11 &amp; 12',1.0,2.0,5),(1826,101,0,'Airspace','&amp;bull;     To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s understanding of airspace and operations within it.',1.0,2.0,55),(1827,101,1826,'ELEMENTS','Basic VFR Weather Minimums&amp;mdash;for all classes of airspace \nAirspace classes&amp;mdash;the operating rules, pilot certification, and airplane equipment requirements for: \nClass A, B, C, D, E, &amp; G \nSpecial use airspace and other airspace areas \nProhibited Areas \nARSA/TRSA \nSpecial Flight Rules Areas &amp; VFR Corridors \nSpecial VFR \nEmergency Air Traffic Rules \nADIZ, including the Washington D.C. ADIZ &amp; warning signals \nTFRs \nNSAs \nMTRs \nControlled Firing Areas \nMilitary Intercept Procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(1828,101,1826,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining: \nBasic VFR weather minimums&amp;mdash;for all classes of airspace \nAirspace classes&amp;mdash;their operating rules, pilot certification, and airplane equipment requirements for the following&amp;mdash; \nClass A \nClass B \nClass C \nClass D \nClass E \nClass G\nSpecial Use Airspace (SUA) \nTemporary Flight Restrictions (TFR) \nCompletes D.C. ADIZ program',1.0,2.0,2),(1829,101,1826,'COMMON ERRORS','Not checking NOTAMs before flight \nFailure to recognize NOTAMs 3/1862, 4/4386, and 4/0811 are still in effect and have been for years. Check NOTAMs for latest revisions and/or cancellations \nFailure to understand NOTAMs and not asking questions until NOTAM understood',1.0,2.0,3),(1830,101,1826,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','G = Good \nE = Everywhere D = De airport! \nC = Communicate B = Big &amp; Busy \nA = Altitude\nUse the &amp;ldquo;Trial of Lawn Chair Larry&amp;rdquo; for airspace review. Google &amp;ldquo;Lawn Chair Larry&amp;rdquo; for details. Question to ask students: &amp;ldquo;What violations did the FAA attempt for Larry&amp;rsquo;s flight?&amp;rdquo; \nAirspace is the number one violation of the VFR pilot\nNOTAMs change airspace, so do A/FDs \nGPS Databases need to be current in order to use displays to avoid airspaces \nTFRs are airspace! \nThe Secret Service and Department of Homeland Security can direct the FAA to suspend or revoke pilot \ncertificates for violation of Presidential TFRs and/or ADIZ for inadvertent violations.\nCertain TFRs and Prohibited Areas can expand and contract at anytime.  Be familiar with your flight routes and the\neffect of delays on nearby TFRs, Restricted Areas, and Prohibited Areas.\nGive airspace a wide buffer, +/- 300 feet and +2 miles for Class B or C \nAIM Categories of Airspace\nCFIs: Pick point on chart, have student explain airspace and weather as if in elevator from ground level through 18,000&amp;rsquo;. Change time of day to night and then have student explain airspace. \nPick point on chart and ask &amp;ldquo;where does Special VFR expire?&amp;rdquo;',1.0,2.0,4),(1831,101,1826,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo; Ch. 3 \n14 CFR Part 91 \nAirport/Facilities Directory \nFAA&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Washington D.C. ADIZ/FRZ Instruction Program&amp;rdquo;, 14 CFR 91.161 (see www.faasafety.gov) \nVFR Charts \n&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 13 &amp; 14',1.0,2.0,5),(1832,101,0,'VFR Charts','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s understanding of and skill in using aeronautical charts.',1.0,2.0,56),(1833,101,1832,'ELEMENTS','Latitude and Longitude \nProjections \nSectionals \nWACs \nTACs \nChart Symbols',1.0,2.0,1),(1834,101,1832,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','This lesson is complete when the pilot demonstrates a basic understanding of aeronautical charts during oral quizzing.',1.0,2.0,2),(1835,101,1832,'COMMON ERRORS','Not asking questions. \nFailure to keep charts up to date',1.0,2.0,3),(1836,101,1832,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Know the charts well, know regulations, can do&amp;rsquo;s, can&amp;rsquo;t do&amp;rsquo;s, terrain, and emergency features \nPlay the &amp;ldquo;what&amp;rsquo;s this&amp;rdquo; game \nUse charts to understand airspace, from IFR point-of-view (airspace solely to protect IFR flights) \nHow charts are updated and updates announced \nUsing IFR charts for intersections is acceptable',1.0,2.0,4),(1837,101,1832,'STUDY','VFR &amp; IFR Charts \n&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 15 \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo; Ch. 1 &amp; 9',1.0,2.0,5),(1839,101,0,'Radio Communications and ATC Light Gun Signals','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s understanding of and skill in using aeronautical charts, talking to and using air traffic control services.',1.0,2.0,57),(1840,101,1839,'ELEMENTS','Latitude and Longitude \nProjections \nSectionals \nWACs \nTACs \nChart Symbols',1.0,2.0,1),(1841,101,1839,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','This lesson is complete when the pilot demonstrates a basic understanding of aeronautical charts during oral quizzing.',1.0,2.0,2),(1842,101,1839,'COMMON ERRORS','Not asking questions. \nFailure to keep charts up to date',1.0,2.0,3),(1843,101,1839,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','Know the charts well, know regulations, can do&amp;rsquo;s, can&amp;rsquo;t do&amp;rsquo;s, terrain, and emergency features \nPlay the &amp;ldquo;what&amp;rsquo;s this&amp;rdquo; game \nUse charts to understand airspace, from IFR point-of-view (airspace solely to protect IFR flights) \nHow charts are updated and updates announced \nUsing IFR charts for intersections is acceptable',1.0,2.0,4),(1844,101,1839,'STUDY','VFR &amp; IFR Charts \n&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 15 \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo; Ch. 1 &amp; 9',1.0,2.0,5),(1845,101,1839,'Recommended Study','ATC Communications is one of the most requested and sought lessons for most students. Our instructors have tried most of the communication softwares out there and most leave much to be desired. One of the best ways to learn ATC Communications is simply to listen to a live ATC feed online. Try to understand what they are saying... you can listen to Class D Airports to learn class D communications, class B Airports for class B communications and so on... Once you understand the basics and the theory behind communications, practice will make perfect. Remember, even the worlds most experienced pilot and controller had to start somewhere. As always, please contact your instructor if you have any additional questions. \n\nSome great websites for listening to ATC.\nhttp://www.liveatc.net\nhttp://www.airtrafficatlanta.com/index.php',1.0,2.0,6),(1846,101,0,'Airports','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s understanding of airport operations.',1.0,2.0,58),(1847,101,1846,'ELEMENTS','Operations at airports with and without operating control towers \nAdherence to traffic pattern procedures, instructions, and rules \nHow to maintain proper spacing from other traffic \nHow to maintain the desired ground track \nWind shear and wake turbulence avoidance procedures \nOrientation with the runway or landing area in use \nHow to establish a final approach at an appropriate distance from the runway or landing area \nIdentification and proper interpretation of airport, runway and taxiway signs and markings with emphasis on runway incursion avoidance \nLand and Hold Short Operations \nVisual Glideslope Indicators \nAirport/Facilities Directory and other publications \nControlled Airports \nUncontrolled (Non-towered) Airports \nRunway Layout \nAirport Visual Aids \nApproach Light Systems \nPilot-Controlled Lighting \nRamp Hand Signals',1.0,2.0,1),(1848,101,1846,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns. This shall include procedures at airports with and without operating control towers, prevention of runway incursions, collision avoidance, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear \nComplies with proper traffic pattern procedures \nMaintains proper spacing from other aircraft \nCorrects for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track \nMaintains orientation with the runway/landing area in use \nMaintains traffic pattern altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet, and the appropriate airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots \nExhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport, runway, and taxiway operations with emphasis on runway incursion avoidance \nProperly identifies and interprets airport, runway, and taxiway signs, markings, and lighting',1.0,2.0,2),(1849,101,1846,'COMMON ERRORS','Failure to comply with traffic pattern instructions, procedures, and rules \nImproper correction for wind drift \nInadequate spacing from other traffic \nPoor altitude or airspeed control \nFailure to comply with airport, runway and taxiway signs and markings \nFailure to use proper runway incursion avoidance procedures \nFailure to comply with LAHSO Clearance',1.0,2.0,3),(1850,101,1846,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','VASIs/PAPIs: \nRed over White, you&amp;rsquo;re all right. \nWhite over White, you&amp;rsquo;ll fly all night! \nRed over Red, you&amp;rsquo;re dead! \nWhite over Red, you&amp;rsquo;re inverted! \nLet big airplanes have the right of way \nCourtesy goes a long way \nIf in doubt ask \nDon&amp;rsquo;t accept a LAHSO unless you KNOW you can comply with it. \nIntersection takeoffs require extra vigilance to determine aircraft performance. Plus, is there someone on the runway behind you and did ATC clear you or the aircraft behind you for departure? \nRampers can be helpful, but, PIC duty to keep wings clear of obstacles \nPut landing gear down before entering traffic pattern, allows for less workload and distraction while in pattern and dealing with ATC. \nLesson is mostly ground work, then practice in pattern. \nHave pattern configurations, power settings, and such memorized before spending time working on traffic patterns. Rectangular courses are practice for traffic patterns. \nPatterns are high workload, complete descent and before landing checklists BEFORE entering pattern. Yes, that means the gear will be down early. It beats no gear. \nClear of Runway: An aircraft is not clear of the runway until all parts of the aircraft, including tailfeathers, are on the other side of the hold short bars, even if that means protruding onto a taxiway. Once clear, stop and complete the after landing checklist, but not until then.',1.0,2.0,4),(1851,101,1846,'STUDY','FAA Regulations &amp; Airport/Facilities Directory \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo; Ch. 2 &amp; 5 \n&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 13 \nAdvisory Circular 90-66A \nASF Airport Markings Flash Cards (available at local FSDO &amp; AOPA)',1.0,2.0,5),(1852,101,0,'Cross Country Flight Planning','To develop the pilot&amp;rsquo;s understanding and skill with cross-country flight planning.',1.0,2.0,59),(1853,101,1852,'ELEMENTS','Terms used in navigation \nFeatures of aeronautical charts \nImportance of using the proper and current aeronautical charts \nMethod of plotting a course, selection of fuel stops and alternates, and appropriate actions in the event of unforeseen situations \nDiverting to an alternate \nLost procedures \nComputation of fuel consumption \nImportance of preparing and properly using a flight log \nImportance of a weather check and the use of good judgment in making a &amp;ldquo;go/no-go&amp;rdquo; decisions \nPurpose of and procedure used in, filing a flight plan',1.0,2.0,1),(1854,101,1852,'COMPLETION STANDARDS','Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country flight planning by presenting and explaining a pre-planned VFR cross-country flight, as previously assigned by the examiner. On the day of the practical test, the final flight plan shall be to the first fuel stop, based on maximum allowable passengers, baggage, and/or cargo loads using real-time weather \nUses appropriate and current aeronautical charts \nProperly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features \nSelects easily identifiable en route checkpoints \nSelects most favorable altitudes considering weather conditions and equipment capabilities \nComputes headings, flight time, and fuel requirements \nSelects appropriate navigation system/facilities and communication frequencies \nApplies pertinent information from NOTAMs, A/FD and other flight publications \nCompletes a navigation log and simulates filing a VFR flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(1855,101,1852,'COMMON ERRORS','Not planning \nNot checking computer-based flight planning tools against a chart, performance numbers, or weather briefings (Sure, both departure and destination airports are VFR, but there is a cold front with squall line thunderstorms between the departure and destination airports) \nUsing any one tool at the exclusion of others \nThinking GPS solves all navigation problems \nA good pilot uses more than one method of navigation, at least three when in high density airspace.',1.0,2.0,3),(1856,101,1852,'THINGS TO REMEMBER','While electronic flight planning programs are great and can reduce flight planning work, PIC still responsible for safe and legal conduct of flight \nIf using electronically generated plan for checkride, expect to demonstrate manual flight planning process during practical test',1.0,2.0,4),(1857,101,1852,'STUDY','&amp;ldquo;Pilot&amp;rsquo;s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge&amp;rdquo; Ch. 15 \n&amp;ldquo;Aeronautical Information Manual&amp;rdquo; Ch. 1-6 \nAeronautical Charts \nFlight Plan Form',1.0,2.0,5),(1858,101,0,'New Lesson Title','',1.0,2.0,60),(1866,101,0,'New Lesson Title','',1.0,2.0,61),(1867,101,0,'PTS Overview','',1.0,2.0,62),(2204,105,0,'New Lesson Title','',1.0,2.0,1),(2205,106,0,'New Lesson Titleaaa','',1.0,2.0,1),(2206,107,0,'Discovery Flight','This is your first flight lesson. We will take a short flight to a nearby airport and back, and explore how great flying is. Get ready, because you will be at the controls for most of the flight.',0.5,1.5,1),(2207,107,2206,'Procedures','Use of Checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff\nClimbs and Descents\nStraight and Level\nLevel Turns\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(2208,107,2206,'Completion Standards','- Conduct and appropriate preflight inspection with the aid of your flight instructor and the airplane&#039;s preflight checklist. Determine if the airplane is in airworthy condition.\n- Taxi the airplane from the ramp area to the runway and back with the aid of your flight instructor.\n- Manipulate the controls in the air with the aid of your flight instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(2209,107,0,'Fundamentals of Flight','The four fundamentals of flight are as follows:\n1. Straight and Level\n2. Climbs\n3. Descents\n4. Turns\nWhen you fly an airplane, you are performing one or a combination of these.',1.0,2.0,2),(2210,107,2209,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(2211,107,2209,'New Procedures','*Aeronautical decision making (will be practiced throughout this course, even if not included in the syllabus)\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nConstant airspeed climbs\nCollision Avoidance\nLeveling off at desired altitude\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nShallow and Medium Turns\nConstant airspeed descents\nTurning Climbs and Turning Descents\nTurns to headings\nCross checking instrument indications during flight maneuvers\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,2),(2212,107,2209,'Completion Standards','- Use the airplane checklist to preflight the airplane, start the engine, taxi, and conduct pre-takeoff checks.\n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind takeoff(s) and climb.\n- Satisfactorily be able to maintain altitude and heading during straight and level flight; make smooth and coordinated turns, climbs, and descents. \n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind approach(es) and landing.\n- Use the airplane checklist to conduct after landing, taxi, shutdown, and securing procedures.',1.0,2.0,3),(2213,107,2209,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(2214,107,0,'Slow Flight and Stalls','Slow flight is fundamental to a good approach and landing, so this lesson is a very important building block to future lessons. You will also learn and practice recoveries from stalls.',1.5,2.5,3),(2215,107,2214,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(2216,107,2214,'New Procedures','Positioning the flight controls during taxi\nFlight at various airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower Off Stalls\nPower On Stalls\nSecondary Stalls (Demonstrated by Instructor)\nLeft turning tendencies',1.0,2.0,2),(2217,107,2214,'Completion Standards','- Recognize wind conditions and apply the proper control deflections during taxi.\n- Maintain altitude and heading (or as directed by your instructor) during slow flight.\n- Satisfactorily recover from power off and power on stalls.',1.0,2.0,3),(2218,107,2214,'Practical Test Standards','*Slow Flight:\n- Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains the specified altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; airspeed, +10/&amp;minus;0 knots; and specified angle of bank, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n*Stalls:\n- Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains a specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;, in straight flight; maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20&amp;deg;, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; in turning flight, while inducing the stall.\n- Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction; returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the examiner.',1.0,2.0,4),(2219,107,0,'Ground Reference Maneuvers','During ground reference maneuvers, you will become more familiar with the wind, and how the airplane reacts in relation to it. To properly conduct these maneuvers, you will need to maintain an acceptable ground track while dividing your attention between inside and outside of the cockpit.',1.5,2.5,4),(2220,107,2219,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(2221,107,2219,'New Procedures','Rectangular Course\nTurns Around a Point\nS-Turns',1.0,2.0,2),(2222,107,2219,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete the ground reference maneuvers while dividing your attention between inside of the cockpit, ground reference, and collision hazards while correcting for wind drift.',1.0,2.0,3),(2223,107,2219,'Practical Test Standards','* Rectangular Course:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL (180 to 300 meters) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45&amp;deg; to the downwind leg.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* Turns Around a Point:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter left or right at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, at an appropriate distance from the reference point.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* S-Turns\n-Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, perpendicular to the selected reference line.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(2224,107,0,'More Takeoffs and Landings','For this flight, we will be remaining in the traffic pattern conducting touch and go&#039;s.',1.0,2.0,5),(2225,107,2224,'Review','Normal takeoff and climb\nNormal aproach and landing\nFlight in the airport traffic pattern\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(2226,107,2224,'New Procedures','Cross Wind Takeoff and Climb\nCross Wind Approach and Landing\nGo Arounds\nForward Slips to Landing\nWake turbulence precautions and avoidance\nWind shear avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(2227,107,2224,'Completion Standards','- Complete normal/crosswind takeoffs and climbs, and approaches and landings satisfactorily. \n- Satisfactorily maneuver and configure the airplane in the traffic pattern, demonstrating stall/spin awareness, collision awareness, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear avoidance.',1.0,2.0,3),(2228,107,2224,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(2229,107,0,'Steep Turns and Emergency Procedures','Steep turns teach you better coordination and control of the airplane while dividing your attention between outside and inside of the airplane. By practicing emergency procedures, you will become more confident in your abilities to handle a real emergency if it presents itself.',1.0,2.0,6),(2230,107,2229,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(2231,107,2229,'New Procedures','Steep Turns\nEmergency Procedures (engine failure, fire, emergency descent)\nRadio communications (with aid of instructor)',1.0,2.0,2),(2232,107,2229,'Completion Standards','Complete a series of steep turns, both to the left and to the right.\nSatisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the proper procedures after a simulated engine failure, engine/electrical fire, emergency descent, and emergency landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(2233,107,2229,'Practical Test Standards','* Steep Turns:\n- Rolls into a coordinated 360&amp;deg; turn; maintains a 45&amp;deg; bank. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the examiner.\n- Divides attention between airplane control and orientation.\n- Maintains the entry altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters), airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots, bank, &amp;plusmn;5&amp;deg;; and rolls out on the entry heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n* Emergency Approach and Landing:\n- Establishes and maintains the recommended best-glide airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(2234,107,0,'Prepare for Solo Flight','We will use this time go over anything that has not been understood or covered up to this point. In addition, you will take you pre-solo written test.',2.5,3.5,7),(2235,107,2234,'Review','Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(2236,107,2234,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when both the student and instructor feel comfortable and confident that the student is ready to move forwards with the next stages of training (solo).',1.0,2.0,2),(2237,107,2234,'Pre-Solo Written Test FAR 61.87(b)','Applicable Sections of FAR Part 61 and 91\nAirspace rules and procedures for the airport in which solo flight will take place\nFlight characteristics and operational limitations of the airplane used for solo',1.0,2.0,3),(2238,107,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.5,8),(2239,107,2238,'Stage Check','Preflight preparation and preflight inspection\nStartup\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff checks (runup)\nNormal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing\nAfter landing procedures\nShutdown and securing airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(2240,107,2238,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(2241,107,0,'First Solo FAR 61.109(a)(5)(iii)','Congratulations, you are about to solo. You will be using everything you have learned up to this point for this lesson. After receiving the appropriate endorsements from your instructor, you will be in the airplane by yourself for the first time. You will be required to complete at least 3 takeoffs and landings (with flight in the traffic pattern), or as directed by your instructor.\n\nMake sure you wear an old shirt.',1.0,2.0,9),(2242,107,2241,'Review','Use of Checklists\nPreflight procedures\nStartup procedures\nRadio Communications\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff procedures\nNormal or crosswind takeoff(s)\nNormal or crosswind landing(s)\nAirport traffic pattern\nCollision avoidance',1.0,2.0,1),(2243,107,2241,'First Solo','Remaining in the aiport traffic pattern, conduct 3 takeoffs and landings (to a full stop), or as directed by your instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(2244,107,2241,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and without the aid of your instructor, complete 3 takeoffs and landings while remaining in the airport traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(2245,107,0,'Performance Takeoffs and Landings','Congratulations on your first solo and welcome to the cross country phase of your flight training. \n\nDuring your cross country training and after you earn your private pilot certificate, you will be flying to new and exotic locations. At some point you are bound to encounter an unusual runway, one that may be short or has a soft surface, or a combination of both. For this reason, it is important that you become familiar with the execution of performance takeoff and landing procedures.',1.0,2.0,10),(2246,107,2245,'Review','Go-around\nCollision avoidance\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2247,107,2245,'New Procedures','Soft field takeoff\nSoft field landing\nShort field takeoff\nShort field landing\nClimbs at best angle of climb speed\nClimbs at best rate of climb speed',1.0,2.0,2),(2248,107,2245,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of flight instructor, complete short/soft field takeoffs and landings.',1.0,2.0,3),(2249,107,2245,'Practical Test Standards','* Soft Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the lowest possible airspeed and remains in ground effect while accelerating to VX or VY, as appropriate.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude for VX or VY, as appropriate, and maintains selected airspeed +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by the manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VX or VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n* Soft Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n* Short Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX,+10/-5 knots, until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet (20 meters) above the surface.\n- After clearing the obstacle, establishes the pitch attitude for VY, accelerates to VY, and maintains VY, +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Short Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended approach airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 200 feet (60 meters) beyond a specified point, with no side drift, minimum float and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(2250,107,0,'Flight by Reference To Instruments FAR 61.109(a)(3)','During this lesson, you will be using a view limiting device (for dual training only) and flying the airplane solely by reference to instruments.',1.0,2.0,11),(2251,107,2250,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2252,107,2250,'New Procedures','Straight and Level Flight (IR)\nClimbs/Descents (Constant Airspeed) (IR)\nTurns to Headings and Standard Rate Turns (IR)\nUnusual Attitude Recoveries (IR)',1.0,2.0,2),(2253,107,2250,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily control the airplane by reference to instruments and recover from nose high and nose low unusual attitudes.',1.0,2.0,3),(2254,107,2250,'Practical Test Standards','* Straight and Level Flight:\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; and airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents:\n- Levels off at the assigned altitude and maintains that altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Turns to Headings\n- Demonstrates turns to headings solely by reference to instruments; maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains a standard rate turn and rolls out on the assigned heading, &amp;plusmn; 10&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(2255,107,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,12),(2256,107,2255,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSteep turns\nRectangular course\nTurn around a point\nS-Turns\nTraffic pattern',1.0,2.0,1),(2257,107,2255,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(2258,107,2255,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(2259,107,0,'Navigation','Being able to navigate, whether visually or radio navigation, is a skill essential to you as an aviator.\nThis lesson also complies with 61.109(a)(3)',1.5,2.5,13),(2260,107,2259,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and landing\nFlight by reference to instruments\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2261,107,2259,'New Procedures','Pilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of radios for VFR navigation (VOR/NDB)\nBasic use of GPS (if applicable)\nLost procedures and diversion to alternate\nPower off stalls (IR)\nPower on stalls (IR)\nTerrain collision avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(2262,107,2259,'Completion Standards','- Satisfactorily plot and navigate a course using a navigation chart (pilotage and dead reckoning), navigate inbound and/or outbound on a navigation station (VOR/NDB) course, use the GPS direct-to feature (if applicable).\n- Satisfactorily and promptly (according to a scenario presented), divert to and navigate to an alternate airport.\n- Conduct lost procedures (climb, communicate,confess, comply)\n- Demonstrate recovery from stalls (power on/off) while wearing a view limiting device.',1.0,2.0,3),(2263,107,0,'Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(1)','Congratulations. You are about to embark on your first cross country flight. Enjoy!',2.5,3.5,14),(2264,107,2263,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2265,107,2263,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(2266,107,2263,'Dual Cross Country','This flight will be performed with your instructor to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(2267,107,2263,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(2268,107,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.0,15),(2269,107,2268,'Stage Check','Short field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2270,107,2268,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers and procedures prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(2271,107,0,'Cross Country (Solo) FAR 61.109(a)(5)(i)','',2.5,3.5,16),(2272,107,2271,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2273,107,2271,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(2274,107,2271,'First Solo Cross Country','This flight will be performed solo to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(2275,107,2271,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(2276,107,0,'Night Flight FAR 61.109(a)(2)(ii)','',1.0,2.0,17),(2277,107,2276,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing',1.0,2.0,1),(2278,107,2276,'New Procedures and Concepts','Required instruments and equipment for VFR flight at night\nNight physiology during flight\nNight flight preparation and preflight\nNight taxi\nNight takeoff and climb\nNight flight in the traffic pattern\nNight approach and landing',1.0,2.0,2),(2279,107,2276,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete at least 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop, with each involving a flight in the traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(2280,107,0,'Long Cross Country (Solo) 61.109(a)(5)(ii)','',2.5,3.5,18),(2281,107,2280,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2282,107,2280,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(2283,107,2280,'Long Solo Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight  of at least 150nm total distance, with full stop landings at 3 points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight line distance of more than 50nm between takeoff and landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(2284,107,2280,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete long cross country flight.',1.0,2.0,4),(2285,107,0,'Night Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(2)(i)','This flight also complies with FAR 61.109(a)(1)',2.0,3.5,19),(2286,107,2285,'Review','',1.0,2.0,1),(2287,107,2285,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(2288,107,2285,'Night Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight at night (between the hours of sunset and sunrise), of at least 100nm total distance.',1.0,2.0,3),(2289,107,2285,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the night cross country.',1.0,2.0,4),(2290,107,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,20),(2291,107,2290,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nConstant airspeed climbs and descents\nTurns to headings\nSteep turns\nTurns around a point\nS-turns\nSlow flight\nPower off stalls\nPower on stalls\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nRadio communication and navigation (VOR/ADF/GPS)',1.0,2.0,1),(2292,107,2290,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(2293,107,2290,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(2294,107,0,'Practical Test Preparation FAR 61.109(a)(4)','This lesson has to be conducted within 2 calendar months preceding the month of your practical test. It could also be broken up into more than one lesson, but  they need to equal at least 3 hours of flight training in preparation for practical test.',2.0,4.0,21),(2295,107,2294,'Review','Review all maneuvers and procedures learned up to this point.',1.0,2.0,1),(2296,107,2294,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when at least 3 hours of flight training have been conducted, and you and your flight instructor are confident that you are ready to continue towards the next step, the FAA Practical Test.',1.0,2.0,2),(2297,107,2294,'Checkride Preparation','With the aid of your instructor, be sure to complete your IACRA/FAA 8710 Form.',1.0,2.0,3),(2298,107,0,'FAA Practical Test','Congratulations!!! Your energy and perseverance have paid off. You have made it up to this point, and you are ready to finally become a certificated pilot. Good luck!',3.0,4.0,22),(2299,107,2298,'Materials to Bring to the Checkride','ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT\n\nAircraft Documents:\n- Airworthiness Certificate\n- Registration Certificate\n- Operating Limitations\n\nAircraft Maintenance Records:\n- Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD Compliance\n- Pilot&#039;s Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual\n\nPERSONAL EQUIPMENT\n- View-Limiting Device\n- Current Aeronautical Charts\n- Computer and Plotter\n- Flight Plan Form\n- Flight Logs\n- Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate Publications\n\nPERSONAL RECORDS\n- Identification&amp;mdash;Photo/Signature ID\n- Pilot Certificate\n- Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate\n- Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application with Instructor&amp;rsquo;s Signature (If applicable)\n- Computer Test Report\n- Pilot Logbook with appropriate Instructor Endorsements\n- FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)\n- Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable)\n- Examiner&amp;rsquo;s Fee (if applicable)\n\nBRING A COPY OF THE PRIVATE PILOT PTS',1.0,2.0,2),(2300,108,0,'Ground School 1','Introduction to the Course and initial Theory Written Test',1.0,2.0,1),(2301,108,2300,'New Section Title','',1.0,2.0,1),(2302,109,0,'Upset recognition','Recognizing situations leading to loss of control',1.0,2.0,1),(2303,109,2302,'Use of instruments','',1.0,2.0,1),(2304,110,0,'GS1 Induction and Overview','',1.0,2.0,1),(2305,110,0,'GS2 Basic Physics and Maths','',1.0,2.0,2),(2306,110,0,'GS3 Cockpit Enviornment','',1.0,2.0,3),(2307,110,0,'GS4 Aircraft General','',1.0,2.0,4),(2308,110,0,'GS5 First Progress Check','',1.0,2.0,5),(2309,110,0,'GS6 Navigation Aids','',1.0,2.0,6),(2310,110,0,'GS7 Jeppesen Manual &amp; Plates','',1.0,2.0,7),(2311,110,0,'GS8 Meteorology','',1.0,2.0,8),(2312,110,0,'GS9 Air Law &amp; SOPS','',1.0,2.0,9),(2313,110,0,'GS10 Second Progress Check','',1.0,2.0,10),(2314,110,0,'SYNIR 1 Introduction','',1.0,2.0,11),(2315,110,0,'SYNIR 2 ADF &amp; NDB Tracking','',1.0,2.0,12),(2316,111,0,'Discovery Flight','This is your first flight lesson. We will take a short flight to a nearby airport and back, and explore how great flying is. Get ready, because you will be at the controls for most of the flight.',0.5,1.5,1),(2317,111,2316,'Procedures','Use of Checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff\nClimbs and Descents\nStraight and Level\nLevel Turns\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(2318,111,2316,'Completion Standards','- Conduct and appropriate preflight inspection with the aid of your flight instructor and the airplane&#039;s preflight checklist. Determine if the airplane is in airworthy condition.\n- Taxi the airplane from the ramp area to the runway and back with the aid of your flight instructor.\n- Manipulate the controls in the air with the aid of your flight instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(2319,111,0,'Fundamentals of Flight','The four fundamentals of flight are as follows:\n1. Straight and Level\n2. Climbs\n3. Descents\n4. Turns\nWhen you fly an airplane, you are performing one or a combination of these.',1.0,2.0,2),(2320,111,2319,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(2321,111,2319,'New Procedures','*Aeronautical decision making (will be practiced throughout this course, even if not included in the syllabus)\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nConstant airspeed climbs\nCollision Avoidance\nLeveling off at desired altitude\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nShallow and Medium Turns\nConstant airspeed descents\nTurning Climbs and Turning Descents\nTurns to headings\nCross checking instrument indications during flight maneuvers\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,2),(2322,111,2319,'Completion Standards','- Use the airplane checklist to preflight the airplane, start the engine, taxi, and conduct pre-takeoff checks.\n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind takeoff(s) and climb.\n- Satisfactorily be able to maintain altitude and heading during straight and level flight; make smooth and coordinated turns, climbs, and descents. \n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind approach(es) and landing.\n- Use the airplane checklist to conduct after landing, taxi, shutdown, and securing procedures.',1.0,2.0,3),(2323,111,2319,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(2324,111,0,'Slow Flight and Stalls','Slow flight is fundamental to a good approach and landing, so this lesson is a very important building block to future lessons. You will also learn and practice recoveries from stalls.',1.5,2.5,3),(2325,111,2324,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(2326,111,2324,'New Procedures','Positioning the flight controls during taxi\nFlight at various airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower Off Stalls\nPower On Stalls\nSecondary Stalls (Demonstrated by Instructor)\nLeft turning tendencies',1.0,2.0,2),(2327,111,2324,'Completion Standards','- Recognize wind conditions and apply the proper control deflections during taxi.\n- Maintain altitude and heading (or as directed by your instructor) during slow flight.\n- Satisfactorily recover from power off and power on stalls.',1.0,2.0,3),(2328,111,2324,'Practical Test Standards','*Slow Flight:\n- Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains the specified altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; airspeed, +10/&amp;minus;0 knots; and specified angle of bank, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n*Stalls:\n- Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains a specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;, in straight flight; maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20&amp;deg;, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; in turning flight, while inducing the stall.\n- Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction; returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the examiner.',1.0,2.0,4),(2329,111,0,'Ground Reference Maneuvers','During ground reference maneuvers, you will become more familiar with the wind, and how the airplane reacts in relation to it. To properly conduct these maneuvers, you will need to maintain an acceptable ground track while dividing your attention between inside and outside of the cockpit.',1.5,2.5,4),(2330,111,2329,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(2331,111,2329,'New Procedures','Rectangular Course\nTurns Around a Point\nS-Turns',1.0,2.0,2),(2332,111,2329,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete the ground reference maneuvers while dividing your attention between inside of the cockpit, ground reference, and collision hazards while correcting for wind drift.',1.0,2.0,3),(2333,111,2329,'Practical Test Standards','* Rectangular Course:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL (180 to 300 meters) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45&amp;deg; to the downwind leg.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* Turns Around a Point:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter left or right at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, at an appropriate distance from the reference point.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* S-Turns\n-Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, perpendicular to the selected reference line.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(2334,111,0,'More Takeoffs and Landings','For this flight, we will be remaining in the traffic pattern conducting touch and go&#039;s.',1.0,2.0,5),(2335,111,2334,'Review','Normal takeoff and climb\nNormal aproach and landing\nFlight in the airport traffic pattern\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(2336,111,2334,'New Procedures','Cross Wind Takeoff and Climb\nCross Wind Approach and Landing\nGo Arounds\nForward Slips to Landing\nWake turbulence precautions and avoidance\nWind shear avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(2337,111,2334,'Completion Standards','- Complete normal/crosswind takeoffs and climbs, and approaches and landings satisfactorily. \n- Satisfactorily maneuver and configure the airplane in the traffic pattern, demonstrating stall/spin awareness, collision awareness, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear avoidance.',1.0,2.0,3),(2338,111,2334,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(2339,111,0,'Steep Turns and Emergency Procedures','Steep turns teach you better coordination and control of the airplane while dividing your attention between outside and inside of the airplane. By practicing emergency procedures, you will become more confident in your abilities to handle a real emergency if it presents itself.',1.0,2.0,6),(2340,111,2339,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(2341,111,2339,'New Procedures','Steep Turns\nEmergency Procedures (engine failure, fire, emergency descent)\nRadio communications (with aid of instructor)',1.0,2.0,2),(2342,111,2339,'Completion Standards','Complete a series of steep turns, both to the left and to the right.\nSatisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the proper procedures after a simulated engine failure, engine/electrical fire, emergency descent, and emergency landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(2343,111,2339,'Practical Test Standards','* Steep Turns:\n- Rolls into a coordinated 360&amp;deg; turn; maintains a 45&amp;deg; bank. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the examiner.\n- Divides attention between airplane control and orientation.\n- Maintains the entry altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters), airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots, bank, &amp;plusmn;5&amp;deg;; and rolls out on the entry heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n* Emergency Approach and Landing:\n- Establishes and maintains the recommended best-glide airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(2344,111,0,'Prepare for Solo Flight','We will use this time go over anything that has not been understood or covered up to this point. In addition, you will take you pre-solo written test.',2.5,3.5,7),(2345,111,2344,'Review','Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(2346,111,2344,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when both the student and instructor feel comfortable and confident that the student is ready to move forwards with the next stages of training (solo).',1.0,2.0,2),(2347,111,2344,'Pre-Solo Written Test FAR 61.87(b)','Applicable Sections of FAR Part 61 and 91\nAirspace rules and procedures for the airport in which solo flight will take place\nFlight characteristics and operational limitations of the airplane used for solo',1.0,2.0,3),(2348,111,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.5,8),(2349,111,2348,'Stage Check','Preflight preparation and preflight inspection\nStartup\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff checks (runup)\nNormal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing\nAfter landing procedures\nShutdown and securing airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(2350,111,2348,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(2351,111,0,'First Solo FAR 61.109(a)(5)(iii)','Congratulations, you are about to solo. You will be using everything you have learned up to this point for this lesson. After receiving the appropriate endorsements from your instructor, you will be in the airplane by yourself for the first time. You will be required to complete at least 3 takeoffs and landings (with flight in the traffic pattern), or as directed by your instructor.\n\nMake sure you wear an old shirt.',1.0,2.0,9),(2352,111,2351,'Review','Use of Checklists\nPreflight procedures\nStartup procedures\nRadio Communications\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff procedures\nNormal or crosswind takeoff(s)\nNormal or crosswind landing(s)\nAirport traffic pattern\nCollision avoidance',1.0,2.0,1),(2353,111,2351,'First Solo','Remaining in the aiport traffic pattern, conduct 3 takeoffs and landings (to a full stop), or as directed by your instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(2354,111,2351,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and without the aid of your instructor, complete 3 takeoffs and landings while remaining in the airport traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(2355,111,0,'Performance Takeoffs and Landings','Congratulations on your first solo and welcome to the cross country phase of your flight training. \n\nDuring your cross country training and after you earn your private pilot certificate, you will be flying to new and exotic locations. At some point you are bound to encounter an unusual runway, one that may be short or has a soft surface, or a combination of both. For this reason, it is important that you become familiar with the execution of performance takeoff and landing procedures.',1.0,2.0,10),(2356,111,2355,'Review','Go-around\nCollision avoidance\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2357,111,2355,'New Procedures','Soft field takeoff\nSoft field landing\nShort field takeoff\nShort field landing\nClimbs at best angle of climb speed\nClimbs at best rate of climb speed',1.0,2.0,2),(2358,111,2355,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of flight instructor, complete short/soft field takeoffs and landings.',1.0,2.0,3),(2359,111,2355,'Practical Test Standards','* Soft Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the lowest possible airspeed and remains in ground effect while accelerating to VX or VY, as appropriate.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude for VX or VY, as appropriate, and maintains selected airspeed +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by the manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VX or VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n* Soft Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n* Short Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX,+10/-5 knots, until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet (20 meters) above the surface.\n- After clearing the obstacle, establishes the pitch attitude for VY, accelerates to VY, and maintains VY, +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Short Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended approach airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 200 feet (60 meters) beyond a specified point, with no side drift, minimum float and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(2360,111,0,'Flight by Reference To Instruments FAR 61.109(a)(3)','During this lesson, you will be using a view limiting device (for dual training only) and flying the airplane solely by reference to instruments.',1.0,2.0,11),(2361,111,2360,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2362,111,2360,'New Procedures','Straight and Level Flight (IR)\nClimbs/Descents (Constant Airspeed) (IR)\nTurns to Headings and Standard Rate Turns (IR)\nUnusual Attitude Recoveries (IR)',1.0,2.0,2),(2363,111,2360,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily control the airplane by reference to instruments and recover from nose high and nose low unusual attitudes.',1.0,2.0,3),(2364,111,2360,'Practical Test Standards','* Straight and Level Flight:\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; and airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents:\n- Levels off at the assigned altitude and maintains that altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Turns to Headings\n- Demonstrates turns to headings solely by reference to instruments; maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains a standard rate turn and rolls out on the assigned heading, &amp;plusmn; 10&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(2365,111,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,12),(2366,111,2365,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSteep turns\nRectangular course\nTurn around a point\nS-Turns\nTraffic pattern',1.0,2.0,1),(2367,111,2365,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(2368,111,2365,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(2369,111,0,'Navigation','Being able to navigate, whether visually or radio navigation, is a skill essential to you as an aviator.\nThis lesson also complies with 61.109(a)(3)',1.5,2.5,13),(2370,111,2369,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and landing\nFlight by reference to instruments\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2371,111,2369,'New Procedures','Pilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of radios for VFR navigation (VOR/NDB)\nBasic use of GPS (if applicable)\nLost procedures and diversion to alternate\nPower off stalls (IR)\nPower on stalls (IR)\nTerrain collision avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(2372,111,2369,'Completion Standards','- Satisfactorily plot and navigate a course using a navigation chart (pilotage and dead reckoning), navigate inbound and/or outbound on a navigation station (VOR/NDB) course, use the GPS direct-to feature (if applicable).\n- Satisfactorily and promptly (according to a scenario presented), divert to and navigate to an alternate airport.\n- Conduct lost procedures (climb, communicate,confess, comply)\n- Demonstrate recovery from stalls (power on/off) while wearing a view limiting device.',1.0,2.0,3),(2373,111,0,'Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(1)','Congratulations. You are about to embark on your first cross country flight. Enjoy!',2.5,3.5,14),(2374,111,2373,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2375,111,2373,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(2376,111,2373,'Dual Cross Country','This flight will be performed with your instructor to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(2377,111,2373,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(2378,111,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.0,15),(2379,111,2378,'Stage Check','Short field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2380,111,2378,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers and procedures prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(2381,111,0,'Cross Country (Solo) FAR 61.109(a)(5)(i)','',2.5,3.5,16),(2382,111,2381,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2383,111,2381,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(2384,111,2381,'First Solo Cross Country','This flight will be performed solo to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(2385,111,2381,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(2386,111,0,'Night Flight FAR 61.109(a)(2)(ii)','',1.0,2.0,17),(2387,111,2386,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing',1.0,2.0,1),(2388,111,2386,'New Procedures and Concepts','Required instruments and equipment for VFR flight at night\nNight physiology during flight\nNight flight preparation and preflight\nNight taxi\nNight takeoff and climb\nNight flight in the traffic pattern\nNight approach and landing',1.0,2.0,2),(2389,111,2386,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete at least 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop, with each involving a flight in the traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(2390,111,0,'Long Cross Country (Solo) 61.109(a)(5)(ii)','',2.5,3.5,18),(2391,111,2390,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2392,111,2390,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(2393,111,2390,'Long Solo Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight  of at least 150nm total distance, with full stop landings at 3 points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight line distance of more than 50nm between takeoff and landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(2394,111,2390,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete long cross country flight.',1.0,2.0,4),(2395,111,0,'Night Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(2)(i)','This flight also complies with FAR 61.109(a)(1)',2.0,3.5,19),(2396,111,2395,'Review','',1.0,2.0,1),(2397,111,2395,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(2398,111,2395,'Night Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight at night (between the hours of sunset and sunrise), of at least 100nm total distance.',1.0,2.0,3),(2399,111,2395,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the night cross country.',1.0,2.0,4),(2400,111,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,20),(2401,111,2400,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nConstant airspeed climbs and descents\nTurns to headings\nSteep turns\nTurns around a point\nS-turns\nSlow flight\nPower off stalls\nPower on stalls\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nRadio communication and navigation (VOR/ADF/GPS)',1.0,2.0,1),(2402,111,2400,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(2403,111,2400,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(2404,111,0,'Practical Test Preparation FAR 61.109(a)(4)','This lesson has to be conducted within 2 calendar months preceding the month of your practical test. It could also be broken up into more than one lesson, but  they need to equal at least 3 hours of flight training in preparation for practical test.',2.0,4.0,21),(2405,111,2404,'Review','Review all maneuvers and procedures learned up to this point.',1.0,2.0,1),(2406,111,2404,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when at least 3 hours of flight training have been conducted, and you and your flight instructor are confident that you are ready to continue towards the next step, the FAA Practical Test.',1.0,2.0,2),(2407,111,2404,'Checkride Preparation','With the aid of your instructor, be sure to complete your IACRA/FAA 8710 Form.',1.0,2.0,3),(2408,111,0,'FAA Practical Test','Congratulations!!! Your energy and perseverance have paid off. You have made it up to this point, and you are ready to finally become a certificated pilot. Good luck!',3.0,4.0,22),(2409,111,2408,'Materials to Bring to the Checkride','ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT\n\nAircraft Documents:\n- Airworthiness Certificate\n- Registration Certificate\n- Operating Limitations\n\nAircraft Maintenance Records:\n- Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD Compliance\n- Pilot&#039;s Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual\n\nPERSONAL EQUIPMENT\n- View-Limiting Device\n- Current Aeronautical Charts\n- Computer and Plotter\n- Flight Plan Form\n- Flight Logs\n- Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate Publications\n\nPERSONAL RECORDS\n- Identification&amp;mdash;Photo/Signature ID\n- Pilot Certificate\n- Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate\n- Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application with Instructor&amp;rsquo;s Signature (If applicable)\n- Computer Test Report\n- Pilot Logbook with appropriate Instructor Endorsements\n- FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)\n- Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable)\n- Examiner&amp;rsquo;s Fee (if applicable)\n\nBRING A COPY OF THE PRIVATE PILOT PTS',1.0,2.0,2),(2410,112,0,'lesson 1','basic flying',1.0,2.0,1),(2411,113,0,'Effects of Controls 1','',1.0,2.0,1),(2412,113,0,'Effects of Controls 2','',1.0,2.0,2),(2414,114,0,'Discovery Flight','This is your first flight lesson. We will take a short flight to a nearby airport and back, and explore how great flying is. Get ready, because you will be at the controls for most of the flight.',0.5,1.5,1),(2415,114,2414,'Procedures','Use of Checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff\nClimbs and Descents\nStraight and Level\nLevel Turns\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(2416,114,2414,'Completion Standards','- Conduct and appropriate preflight inspection with the aid of your flight instructor and the airplane&#039;s preflight checklist. Determine if the airplane is in airworthy condition.\n- Taxi the airplane from the ramp area to the runway and back with the aid of your flight instructor.\n- Manipulate the controls in the air with the aid of your flight instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(2417,114,0,'Fundamentals of Flight','The four fundamentals of flight are as follows:\n1. Straight and Level\n2. Climbs\n3. Descents\n4. Turns\nWhen you fly an airplane, you are performing one or a combination of these.',1.0,2.0,2),(2418,114,2417,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(2419,114,2417,'New Procedures','*Aeronautical decision making (will be practiced throughout this course, even if not included in the syllabus)\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nConstant airspeed climbs\nCollision Avoidance\nLeveling off at desired altitude\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nShallow and Medium Turns\nConstant airspeed descents\nTurning Climbs and Turning Descents\nTurns to headings\nCross checking instrument indications during flight maneuvers\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,2),(2420,114,2417,'Completion Standards','- Use the airplane checklist to preflight the airplane, start the engine, taxi, and conduct pre-takeoff checks.\n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind takeoff(s) and climb.\n- Satisfactorily be able to maintain altitude and heading during straight and level flight; make smooth and coordinated turns, climbs, and descents. \n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind approach(es) and landing.\n- Use the airplane checklist to conduct after landing, taxi, shutdown, and securing procedures.',1.0,2.0,3),(2421,114,2417,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(2422,114,0,'Slow Flight and Stalls','Slow flight is fundamental to a good approach and landing, so this lesson is a very important building block to future lessons. You will also learn and practice recoveries from stalls.',1.5,2.5,3),(2423,114,2422,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(2424,114,2422,'New Procedures','Positioning the flight controls during taxi\nFlight at various airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower Off Stalls\nPower On Stalls\nSecondary Stalls (Demonstrated by Instructor)\nLeft turning tendencies',1.0,2.0,2),(2425,114,2422,'Completion Standards','- Recognize wind conditions and apply the proper control deflections during taxi.\n- Maintain altitude and heading (or as directed by your instructor) during slow flight.\n- Satisfactorily recover from power off and power on stalls.',1.0,2.0,3),(2426,114,2422,'Practical Test Standards','*Slow Flight:\n- Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains the specified altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; airspeed, +10/&amp;minus;0 knots; and specified angle of bank, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n*Stalls:\n- Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains a specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;, in straight flight; maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20&amp;deg;, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; in turning flight, while inducing the stall.\n- Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction; returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the examiner.',1.0,2.0,4),(2427,114,0,'Ground Reference Maneuvers','During ground reference maneuvers, you will become more familiar with the wind, and how the airplane reacts in relation to it. To properly conduct these maneuvers, you will need to maintain an acceptable ground track while dividing your attention between inside and outside of the cockpit.',1.5,2.5,4),(2428,114,2427,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(2429,114,2427,'New Procedures','Rectangular Course\nTurns Around a Point\nS-Turns',1.0,2.0,2),(2430,114,2427,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete the ground reference maneuvers while dividing your attention between inside of the cockpit, ground reference, and collision hazards while correcting for wind drift.',1.0,2.0,3),(2431,114,2427,'Practical Test Standards','* Rectangular Course:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL (180 to 300 meters) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45&amp;deg; to the downwind leg.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* Turns Around a Point:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter left or right at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, at an appropriate distance from the reference point.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* S-Turns\n-Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, perpendicular to the selected reference line.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(2432,114,0,'More Takeoffs and Landings','For this flight, we will be remaining in the traffic pattern conducting touch and go&#039;s.',1.0,2.0,5),(2433,114,2432,'Review','Normal takeoff and climb\nNormal aproach and landing\nFlight in the airport traffic pattern\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(2434,114,2432,'New Procedures','Cross Wind Takeoff and Climb\nCross Wind Approach and Landing\nGo Arounds\nForward Slips to Landing\nWake turbulence precautions and avoidance\nWind shear avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(2435,114,2432,'Completion Standards','- Complete normal/crosswind takeoffs and climbs, and approaches and landings satisfactorily. \n- Satisfactorily maneuver and configure the airplane in the traffic pattern, demonstrating stall/spin awareness, collision awareness, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear avoidance.',1.0,2.0,3),(2436,114,2432,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(2437,114,0,'Steep Turns and Emergency Procedures','Steep turns teach you better coordination and control of the airplane while dividing your attention between outside and inside of the airplane. By practicing emergency procedures, you will become more confident in your abilities to handle a real emergency if it presents itself.',1.0,2.0,6),(2438,114,2437,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(2439,114,2437,'New Procedures','Steep Turns\nEmergency Procedures (engine failure, fire, emergency descent)\nRadio communications (with aid of instructor)',1.0,2.0,2),(2440,114,2437,'Completion Standards','Complete a series of steep turns, both to the left and to the right.\nSatisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the proper procedures after a simulated engine failure, engine/electrical fire, emergency descent, and emergency landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(2441,114,2437,'Practical Test Standards','* Steep Turns:\n- Rolls into a coordinated 360&amp;deg; turn; maintains a 45&amp;deg; bank. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the examiner.\n- Divides attention between airplane control and orientation.\n- Maintains the entry altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters), airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots, bank, &amp;plusmn;5&amp;deg;; and rolls out on the entry heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n* Emergency Approach and Landing:\n- Establishes and maintains the recommended best-glide airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(2442,114,0,'Prepare for Solo Flight','We will use this time go over anything that has not been understood or covered up to this point. In addition, you will take you pre-solo written test.',2.5,3.5,7),(2443,114,2442,'Review','Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing',1.0,2.0,1),(2444,114,2442,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when both the student and instructor feel comfortable and confident that the student is ready to move forwards with the next stages of training (solo).',1.0,2.0,2),(2445,114,2442,'Pre-Solo Written Test FAR 61.87(b)','Applicable Sections of FAR Part 61 and 91\nAirspace rules and procedures for the airport in which solo flight will take place\nFlight characteristics and operational limitations of the airplane used for solo',1.0,2.0,3),(2446,114,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.5,8),(2447,114,2446,'Stage Check','Preflight preparation and preflight inspection\nStartup\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff checks (runup)\nNormal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\nFlight at Various Airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower On Stalls\nPower Off Stalls\nSteep Turns\nEmergency Procedures\nGround Reference Maneuvers\nNormal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\nGo-Around\nForward Slip to Landing\nAfter landing procedures\nShutdown and securing airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(2448,114,2446,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(2449,114,0,'First Solo EASA','Congratulations, you are about to solo. You will be using everything you have learned up to this point for this lesson. After receiving the appropriate endorsements from your instructor, you will be in the airplane by yourself for the first time. You will be required to complete at least 3 takeoffs and landings (with flight in the traffic pattern), or as directed by your instructor.\n\nMake sure you wear an old shirt.',1.0,2.0,9),(2450,114,2449,'Review','Use of Checklists\nPreflight procedures\nStartup procedures\nRadio Communications\nTaxi\nPre-takeoff procedures\nNormal or crosswind takeoff(s)\nNormal or crosswind landing(s)\nAirport traffic pattern\nCollision avoidance',1.0,2.0,1),(2451,114,2449,'First Solo','Remaining in the aiport traffic pattern, conduct 3 takeoffs and landings (to a full stop), or as directed by your instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(2452,114,2449,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and without the aid of your instructor, complete 3 takeoffs and landings while remaining in the airport traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(2453,114,0,'Performance Takeoffs and Landings','Congratulations on your first solo and welcome to the cross country phase of your flight training. \n\nDuring your cross country training and after you earn your private pilot certificate, you will be flying to new and exotic locations. At some point you are bound to encounter an unusual runway, one that may be short or has a soft surface, or a combination of both. For this reason, it is important that you become familiar with the execution of performance takeoff and landing procedures.',1.0,2.0,10),(2454,114,2453,'Review','Go-around\nCollision avoidance\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2455,114,2453,'New Procedures','Soft field takeoff\nSoft field landing\nShort field takeoff\nShort field landing\nClimbs at best angle of climb speed\nClimbs at best rate of climb speed',1.0,2.0,2),(2456,114,2453,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of flight instructor, complete short/soft field takeoffs and landings.',1.0,2.0,3),(2457,114,2453,'Practical Test Standards','* Soft Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the lowest possible airspeed and remains in ground effect while accelerating to VX or VY, as appropriate.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude for VX or VY, as appropriate, and maintains selected airspeed +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by the manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VX or VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n* Soft Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n* Short Field Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerates to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed, or VX,+10/-5 knots, until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane is 50 feet (20 meters) above the surface.\n- After clearing the obstacle, establishes the pitch attitude for VY, accelerates to VY, and maintains VY, +10/-5 knots, during the climb.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after clear of any obstacles or as recommended by manufacturer.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Short Field Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended approach airspeed, or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 200 feet (60 meters) beyond a specified point, with no side drift, minimum float and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(2458,114,0,'Flight by Reference To Instruments FAR 61.109(a)(3)','During this lesson, you will be using a view limiting device (for dual training only) and flying the airplane solely by reference to instruments.',1.0,2.0,11),(2459,114,2458,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2460,114,2458,'New Procedures','Straight and Level Flight (IR)\nClimbs/Descents (Constant Airspeed) (IR)\nTurns to Headings and Standard Rate Turns (IR)\nUnusual Attitude Recoveries (IR)',1.0,2.0,2),(2461,114,2458,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily control the airplane by reference to instruments and recover from nose high and nose low unusual attitudes.',1.0,2.0,3),(2462,114,2458,'Practical Test Standards','* Straight and Level Flight:\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; and airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents:\n- Levels off at the assigned altitude and maintains that altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains heading, &amp;plusmn;20&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n* Turns to Headings\n- Demonstrates turns to headings solely by reference to instruments; maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;200 feet (60 meters); maintains a standard rate turn and rolls out on the assigned heading, &amp;plusmn; 10&amp;deg;; maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(2463,114,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,12),(2464,114,2463,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSteep turns\nRectangular course\nTurn around a point\nS-Turns\nTraffic pattern',1.0,2.0,1),(2465,114,2463,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(2466,114,2463,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(2467,114,0,'Navigation','Being able to navigate, whether visually or radio navigation, is a skill essential to you as an aviator.\nThis lesson also complies with 61.109(a)(3)',1.5,2.5,13),(2468,114,2467,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and landing\nFlight by reference to instruments\nEmergency procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2469,114,2467,'New Procedures','Pilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of radios for VFR navigation (VOR/NDB)\nBasic use of GPS (if applicable)\nLost procedures and diversion to alternate\nPower off stalls (IR)\nPower on stalls (IR)\nTerrain collision avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(2470,114,2467,'Completion Standards','- Satisfactorily plot and navigate a course using a navigation chart (pilotage and dead reckoning), navigate inbound and/or outbound on a navigation station (VOR/NDB) course, use the GPS direct-to feature (if applicable).\n- Satisfactorily and promptly (according to a scenario presented), divert to and navigate to an alternate airport.\n- Conduct lost procedures (climb, communicate,confess, comply)\n- Demonstrate recovery from stalls (power on/off) while wearing a view limiting device.',1.0,2.0,3),(2471,114,0,'Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(1)','Congratulations. You are about to embark on your first cross country flight. Enjoy!',2.5,3.5,14),(2472,114,2471,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2473,114,2471,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(2474,114,2471,'Dual Cross Country','This flight will be performed with your instructor to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(2475,114,2471,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(2476,114,0,'Stage Check','A stage check is ground and flight training conducted with a flight instructor other than your regular instructor. This is to get an objective point of view of your knowledge and skills, and the quality of training your instructor is providing you with.',1.0,2.0,15),(2477,114,2476,'Stage Check','Short field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2478,114,2476,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when the maneuvers and procedures prescribed have been completed satisfactorily.',1.0,2.0,2),(2479,114,0,'Cross Country (Solo) FAR 61.109(a)(5)(i)','',2.5,3.5,16),(2480,114,2479,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2481,114,2479,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(2482,114,2479,'First Solo Cross Country','This flight will be performed solo to an airport at least 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,3),(2483,114,2479,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily plan and complete a cross country flight to an airport located more than 50nm from the departure airport and back.',1.0,2.0,4),(2484,114,0,'Night Flight FAR 61.109(a)(2)(ii)','',1.0,2.0,17),(2485,114,2484,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing',1.0,2.0,1),(2486,114,2484,'New Procedures and Concepts','Required instruments and equipment for VFR flight at night\nNight physiology during flight\nNight flight preparation and preflight\nNight taxi\nNight takeoff and climb\nNight flight in the traffic pattern\nNight approach and landing',1.0,2.0,2),(2487,114,2484,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete at least 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop, with each involving a flight in the traffic pattern.',1.0,2.0,3),(2488,114,0,'Long Cross Country (Solo) 61.109(a)(5)(ii)','',2.5,3.5,18),(2489,114,2488,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nCollision avoidance\nTerrain collision avoidance\nRadio communications\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nUse of navigation facilities\nLost procedures',1.0,2.0,1),(2490,114,2488,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(2491,114,2488,'Long Solo Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight  of at least 150nm total distance, with full stop landings at 3 points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight line distance of more than 50nm between takeoff and landing.',1.0,2.0,3),(2492,114,2488,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete long cross country flight.',1.0,2.0,4),(2493,114,0,'Night Cross Country (Dual) FAR 61.109(a)(2)(i)','This flight also complies with FAR 61.109(a)(1)',2.0,3.5,19),(2494,114,2493,'Review','',1.0,2.0,1),(2495,114,2493,'Prepare for the Flight','Begin checking the weather several days before the flight.\n\n\nThe night before the flight, conduct a thorough flight planning that includes:\n\n- Weather (Call 1-800-WXBrief [Get an outlook briefing])\n- Runway Lengths\n- Airplane Performance\n- Route of Flight (including altitudes)\n- Amount of Fuel needed and fuel on board.\n\nBefore departing on the flight, both you and your instructor will go over your flight planning and make corrections (if any).\n\n- Get the latest weather (1-800-WXBrief [Get a standard briefing])\n- File the flight plan',1.0,2.0,2),(2496,114,2493,'Night Cross Country','Conduct a cross country flight at night (between the hours of sunset and sunrise), of at least 100nm total distance.',1.0,2.0,3),(2497,114,2493,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily and with the aid of your flight instructor, complete the night cross country.',1.0,2.0,4),(2498,114,0,'Solo Flight','During the lesson, you will be taking the airplane on your own to sharpen up all the skills you have built up to this point. Flying solo will build your confidence for the upcoming solo cross country flights.\nThis flight is in compliance with FAR 61.109(a)(5)',1.0,2.0,20),(2499,114,2498,'Review','Normal and crosswind takeoff and climb\nNormal and crosswind approach and landing\nSoft field takeoff and climb\nSoft field approach and landing\nShort field takeoff and climb\nShort field approach and landing\nConstant airspeed climbs and descents\nTurns to headings\nSteep turns\nTurns around a point\nS-turns\nSlow flight\nPower off stalls\nPower on stalls\nPilotage and dead reckoning\nRadio communication and navigation (VOR/ADF/GPS)',1.0,2.0,1),(2500,114,2498,'Solo Flight','Conduct a flight on your own and practice procedures and maneuvers learned up to this point (with the exception of flight by reference to instruments), or as directed by your instructor.\nMeet with your instructor to discuss the flight more in detail prior to departing.',1.0,2.0,2),(2501,114,2498,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete a solo flight.',1.0,2.0,3),(2502,114,0,'Practical Test Preparation FAR 61.109(a)(4)','This lesson has to be conducted within 2 calendar months preceding the month of your practical test. It could also be broken up into more than one lesson, but  they need to equal at least 3 hours of flight training in preparation for practical test.',2.0,4.0,21),(2503,114,2502,'Review','Review all maneuvers and procedures learned up to this point.',1.0,2.0,1),(2504,114,2502,'Completion Standards','This lesson is complete when at least 3 hours of flight training have been conducted, and you and your flight instructor are confident that you are ready to continue towards the next step, the FAA Practical Test.',1.0,2.0,2),(2505,114,2502,'Checkride Preparation','With the aid of your instructor, be sure to complete your IACRA/FAA 8710 Form.',1.0,2.0,3),(2506,114,0,'FAA Practical Test','Congratulations!!! Your energy and perseverance have paid off. You have made it up to this point, and you are ready to finally become a certificated pilot. Good luck!',3.0,4.0,22),(2507,114,2506,'Materials to Bring to the Checkride','ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT\n\nAircraft Documents:\n- Airworthiness Certificate\n- Registration Certificate\n- Operating Limitations\n\nAircraft Maintenance Records:\n- Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD Compliance\n- Pilot&#039;s Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual\n\nPERSONAL EQUIPMENT\n- View-Limiting Device\n- Current Aeronautical Charts\n- Computer and Plotter\n- Flight Plan Form\n- Flight Logs\n- Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate Publications\n\nPERSONAL RECORDS\n- Identification&amp;mdash;Photo/Signature ID\n- Pilot Certificate\n- Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate\n- Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application with Instructor&amp;rsquo;s Signature (If applicable)\n- Computer Test Report\n- Pilot Logbook with appropriate Instructor Endorsements\n- FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)\n- Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable)\n- Examiner&amp;rsquo;s Fee (if applicable)\n\nBRING A COPY OF THE PRIVATE PILOT PTS',1.0,2.0,2),(2508,115,0,'New Lesson Title','',1.0,2.0,1),(2509,115,0,'Exercise 19','Basic instrument flying',1.0,1.0,2),(2510,116,0,'Ex1','',1.0,2.0,1),(2511,117,0,'Discovery Flight','This is your first flight lesson. We will take a short flight to a nearby airport and back, and explore how great flying is. Get ready, because you will be at the controls for most of the flight.',0.5,1.5,1),(2512,117,2511,'Procedures','Use of Checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff\nClimbs and Descents\nStraight and Level\nLevel Turns\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(2513,117,2511,'Completion Standards','- Conduct and appropriate preflight inspection with the aid of your flight instructor and the airplane&#039;s preflight checklist. Determine if the airplane is in airworthy condition.\n- Taxi the airplane from the ramp area to the runway and back with the aid of your flight instructor.\n- Manipulate the controls in the air with the aid of your flight instructor.',1.0,2.0,2),(2514,117,0,'Fundamentals of Flight','The four fundamentals of flight are as follows:\n1. Straight and Level\n2. Climbs\n3. Descents\n4. Turns\nWhen you fly an airplane, you are performing one or a combination of these.',1.0,2.0,2),(2515,117,2514,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(2516,117,2514,'New Procedures','*Aeronautical decision making (will be practiced throughout this course, even if not included in the syllabus)\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nConstant airspeed climbs\nCollision Avoidance\nLeveling off at desired altitude\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nShallow and Medium Turns\nConstant airspeed descents\nTurning Climbs and Turning Descents\nTurns to headings\nCross checking instrument indications during flight maneuvers\nNormal Approach and Landing',1.0,2.0,2),(2517,117,2514,'Completion Standards','- Use the airplane checklist to preflight the airplane, start the engine, taxi, and conduct pre-takeoff checks.\n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind takeoff(s) and climb.\n- Satisfactorily be able to maintain altitude and heading during straight and level flight; make smooth and coordinated turns, climbs, and descents. \n- With the aid of your flight instructor, satisfactorily conduct normal/crosswind approach(es) and landing.\n- Use the airplane checklist to conduct after landing, taxi, shutdown, and securing procedures.',1.0,2.0,3),(2518,117,2514,'Practical Test Standards','*Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb\n- Lifts off at the recommended airspeed and accelerates to VY.\n- Establishes a pitch attitude that will maintain VY +10/-5 knots.\n- Retracts the landing gear, if appropriate, and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.\n- Maintains takeoff power and VY +10/-5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.\n*Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing\n- Maintains a stabilized approach and recommended airspeed, or in its absence, not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with wind gust factor applied.\n- Touches down at or within 400 feet (120 meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane&#039;s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.',1.0,2.0,4),(2519,117,0,'Slow Flight and Stalls','Slow flight is fundamental to a good approach and landing, so this lesson is a very important building block to future lessons. You will also learn and practice recoveries from stalls.',1.5,2.5,3),(2520,117,2519,'Review','Use of checklist\nPreflight Inspection\nEngine Start\nTaxiing\nPre-Takeoff Checks\nNormal Takeoff and Climb\nStraight and Level Flight\nClimbs and Descents\nNormal Approach and Landing\nAfter Landing Procedures\nParking and Shutdown Procedures\nSecuring the Airplane',1.0,2.0,1),(2521,117,2519,'New Procedures','Positioning the flight controls during taxi\nFlight at various airspeeds (with realistic distractions)\nSlow Flight\nPower Off Stalls\nPower On Stalls\nSecondary Stalls (Demonstrated by Instructor)\nLeft turning tendencies',1.0,2.0,2),(2522,117,2519,'Completion Standards','- Recognize wind conditions and apply the proper control deflections during taxi.\n- Maintain altitude and heading (or as directed by your instructor) during slow flight.\n- Satisfactorily recover from power off and power on stalls.',1.0,2.0,3),(2523,117,2519,'Practical Test Standards','*Slow Flight:\n- Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains the specified altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; airspeed, +10/&amp;minus;0 knots; and specified angle of bank, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;.\n*Stalls:\n- Selects an entry altitude that allows the task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet (460 meters) AGL.\n- Maintains a specified heading, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;, in straight flight; maintains a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20&amp;deg;, &amp;plusmn;10&amp;deg;; in turning flight, while inducing the stall.\n- Accelerates to VX or VY speed before the final flap retraction; returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the examiner.',1.0,2.0,4),(2524,117,0,'Ground Reference Maneuvers','During ground reference maneuvers, you will become more familiar with the wind, and how the airplane reacts in relation to it. To properly conduct these maneuvers, you will need to maintain an acceptable ground track while dividing your attention between inside and outside of the cockpit.',1.5,2.5,4),(2525,117,2524,'Review','Normal Takeoff and Climb\nNormal Approach and Landing\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(2526,117,2524,'New Procedures','Rectangular Course\nTurns Around a Point\nS-Turns',1.0,2.0,2),(2527,117,2524,'Completion Standards','Satisfactorily complete the ground reference maneuvers while dividing your attention between inside of the cockpit, ground reference, and collision hazards while correcting for wind drift.',1.0,2.0,3),(2528,117,2524,'Practical Test Standards','* Rectangular Course:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL (180 to 300 meters) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45&amp;deg; to the downwind leg.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* Turns Around a Point:\n- Plans the maneuver so as to enter left or right at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, at an appropriate distance from the reference point.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.\n\n* S-Turns\n-Plans the maneuver so as to enter at 600 to 1,000 feet (180 to 300 meters) AGL, perpendicular to the selected reference line.\n- Maintains altitude, &amp;plusmn;100 feet (30 meters); maintains airspeed, &amp;plusmn;10 knots.',1.0,2.0,4),(2529,117,0,'More Takeoffs and Landings','For this flight, we will be remaining in the traffic pattern conducting touch and go&#039;s.',1.0,2.0,5),(2530,117,2529,'Review','Normal takeoff and climb\nNormal aproach and landing\nFlight in the airport traffic pattern\nCollision Avoidance\nRadio communications',1.0,2.0,1),(2531,117,2529,'New Procedures','Cross Wind Takeoff and Climb\nCross Wind Approach and Landing\nGo Arounds\nForward Slips to Landing\nWake turbulence precautions and avoidance\nWind shear avoidance',1.0,2.0,2),(2532,117,2529,'Completion Standards','- Complete normal/crosswind takeoffs and climbs, and approaches and landings satisfactorily. \n- Satisfactorily maneuver and configure the airplane in the traffic pattern, demonstrating stall/spin awareness, collision awareness, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear avoidance.',1.0,2.0,3),