BASIC NIGHT FLYING
A summary of points to be covered before sending the student on a first solo at night
Start up procedures
Local procedures - including ATC liaison
Taxiing
Parking area and taxiway lighting
Judgement of speed and distances
Use of taxiway lights
Avoidance of hazards &amp;ndash; obstruction lighting
Instrument checks
Holding point &amp;ndash; lighting procedure
Initial familiarisation at night
Local area orientation
Significance of lights on other aircraft
Ground obstruction lights
Division of piloting effort &amp;ndash; external/instrument reference
Rejoining procedure
Aerodrome lighting &amp;ndash; Approach and runway lighting (including VASI and PAPI)
Threshold lights
Approach lighting
Visual approach slope indicator systems

NIGHT CIRCUITS
Take-off and climb
Line up
Visual references during the take-off run
Transfer to instruments
Establishing the initial climb
Use of flight instruments
Instrument climb and initial turn
The circuit
Aeroplane positioning &amp;ndash; reference to runway lighting
The traffic pattern and lookout
Initial approach and runway lighting demonstration
Aeroplane positioning
Changing aspect of runway lights and VASI (or PAPI)
Intercepting the correct approach path
The climb away
Approach and landing
Positioning, base leg and final approach
Diurnal wind effect
Use of landing lights
The flare and touchdown

The roll out
Turning off the runway &amp;ndash; control of speed
Missed approach
Use of instruments
Re-positioning in the circuit pattern

NIGHT NAVIGATION
Particular emphasis on flight planning
Selection of ground features visible at night
Air light beacons
Effect of cockpit lighting on map colours
Use of radio aids
Effect of moonlight upon visibility at night
Emphasis on maintaining a &amp;lsquo;minimum safe altitude&amp;rsquo;
Alternate aerodromes &amp;ndash; restricted availability
Restricted recognition of weather deterioration
Lost procedures

NIGHT EMERGENCIES
Radio failure
Failure of runway lighting
Failure of aeroplane landing lights
Failure of aeroplane internal lighting
Failure of aeroplane navigation lights
Total electrical failure
Abandoned take-off
Engine failure
Obstructed runway procedure